The invention discloses a light self-climbing shield frame system and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of formwork systems. The light self-climbing shield frame systemand the construction method thereof are used for solving the problems of the tedious lifting process of a lifting system and an anti-falling device and low safety. The light self-climbing shield frame system includes a scaffold system, a supporting system, a lifting system and an anti-tilting and anti-falling system. The supporting system includes a bearing frame which is fixed on a structural steel beam; the lifting system includes an electric block, a bottom guiding wheel and a steel wire rope, wherein the electric block is arranged at the top of the scaffold system, the bottom guiding wheel is fixed to the bottom of the scaffold system, one end of the steel wire rope is connected with the electric block, and the other end of the steel wire rope passes through the bottom guiding wheel to be arranged at the bottom of the bearing frame in a hung mode; the anti-tilting and anti-falling system includes a guiding rail installed on a scaffold frame body, and an anti-falling pawl wheel, alimiting spring, an anti-falling pawl and a limiting baffle are arranged on the bearing frame; the anti-falling pawl wheel meshes with the guiding rail, the limiting spring is used for limiting the stroke of the anti-falling pawl, and the anti-falling pawl and the limiting baffle are used for preventing the anti-falling pawl wheel from rotating counterclockwise. Therefore, falling of the scaffoldframe body and the guiding rail is prevented, and the anti-falling effect is achieved advantageously.