The invention discloses a strengthened boiling heat transfer testing device and a testing method. The testing device comprises a condenser, a main container, a base and a heater, wherein the condenser is communicated with the main container, and the main container is arranged on a base; the main container comprises a glass container, screw rods, an upper cover plate covered on the top end of the glass container and a lower cover plate covered on the bottom end of the glass container, wherein the upper and lower cover plates respectively have through holes, the screw rods pass through the through holes of the upper and lower cover plates and are fixed with the upper and lower cover plates; the base comprises a ceramic base arranged in the base; the heater comprises a main heater and an auxiliary heater, the main heater is positioned on the middle position of the base, arranged on the ceramic base and is fixed with the through hole of the lower cover plate; the auxiliary heater is positioned in the main container and is arranged on the lower cover plate. The testing device and the testing method provided by the invention have the advantages that a sample is flexible to replace, the operation is convenient, the boiling state under high heat flux density is measured, testing effects in boiling under different structures are compared, and the test result is stable and reliable.