Complete equipment for stainless steel pickling wastewater treatment and resource recycling and a treatment process are disclosed. A pretreatment section, a membrane treatment section and a quality-based crystallization section are involved. The invention is characterized in that a storage regulating basin, a neutralization-oxidation reaction tank, a flocculent precipitation tank, a filter, an ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis system, a membrane concentration system and an evaporation and concentration and quality-based crystallization system are mutually connected end to end through pipelines. Each dosage device is respectively arranged on corresponding section. According to the order of the pretreatment section, the membrane treatment section and the quality-based crystallization section, thirteen steps are included for the operation. By the treatment process of chemical reactive precipitation, membrane separation concentration and evaporation and quality-based crystallization, various acid wastewaters mainly containing acid and inorganic salt can be treated to realize recycling of wastewater. After crystallization of salt, sodium sulfate (and sodium chloride), sodium nitrate, sodium fluoride and other products can be recycled, and zero-discharge resource utilization of stainless steel pickling wastewater is realized. Meanwhile, system sludge yield is greatly reduced such that the burden of sludge treatment is decreased.