The invention provides a one-dimensional copper oxide nano-array glucose sensor electrode material and a preparation method thereof. The one-dimensional copper oxide nano-array glucose sensor electrode material is characterized in that a one-dimensional copper oxide nano-array grows on a copper sheet in situ. The preparation method comprises the following steps of based on a three-electrode system, etching the surface of a copper substrate by an anodic oxidation method and carrying out calcination so that a large-area, compact and uniform copper oxide nano-array is formed on the copper substrate. The preparation method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple operation and low cost. The one-dimensional copper oxide nano-array glucose sensor electrode material has structural advantages such as obvious size effect, high specific surface area and high activity site expose. Through vertical growth orientation and independent constitutional units, the one-dimensional copper oxide nano-array glucose sensor electrode material has good conductivity and a good electron transmission capability. Therefore, in electroanalysis detection of a glucose oxidation reaction, the one-dimensional copper oxide nano-array glucose sensor electrode material has excellent sensitivity, a very wide linear range, a very low detection limit, good selectivity, good repeatability and good stability.