The invention discloses a process for chemical nickel-phosphorus alloy plating on the surface of an aluminum and silicon carbide composite material, which comprises the following steps: pretreating the surface of a workpiece, removing oil, roughening, activating, plating and performing heat treatment, wherein chemical plating solution consists of a nickel salt, a reducer, a complexing agent, a stabilizer, a brightener and deionized water. The process disclosed by the invention is simple, convenient for operation, low in cost, high in efficiency, widely applicable, environment-friendly and capable of realizing industrial production; and the obtaining plating is bright, flat, uniform and compact.