125 results about "Trace pollutants" patented technology

Systems for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, two separate gasification reactors to convert a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and / or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and / or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and / or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, three separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and / or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

An electrodialysis method and apparatus are provided for treating a sample including trace metals in a matrix. Advantageously, the present invention allows for highly accurate detection of trace contaminants in a solution sample, in particular trace metals, substantially in real-time and on-line. The present invention includes flowing a carrier solution through a carrier solution channel separated from a sample channel by a membrane. A component of the carrier solution is diffused through the membrane into the sample channel to stabilize trace metals in the solution sample for subsequent analysis. Simultaneously, the matrix is eliminated, neutralized, and / or modified for enhanced analysis.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for removing trace contaminants from a gas stream or flue gas. In one embodiment, the present invention an apparatus for removing a trace contaminant from a gas stream, comprising a gas duct configured to receive a gas stream comprising a trace contaminant; a plurality of substrates disposed within the gas duct; a trace contaminant sorbent disposed on at least a portion of each of the substrates; an isolation device for separating the portion of each of the substrates from the gas stream; and a regenerator for regenerating the trace contaminant sorbent. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for removing a trace contaminant from a gas stream.

The invention relates to an environment functional composite material based on inorganic functional agent of nano-particles. The invention has the structure that: (1) the composite supporter is ion-exchange and polymeric adsorbent with a nano-hole structure; (2) the internal surface of a supporter is coated with an inorganic functional agent of nano-particles. The apparent density of the environment functional composite material generally is 0.70-1.20 g / ml, and weight percent content of the inorganic functional agent is 1-40 percent, and the particle size generally is less than the hole diameter of the supporter, about 0.5-80mm, and the adsorbent particle size is 0.5-1.5mm, and with the particle size, the high pressure head loss problem caused by applying inorganic functional agent of fine particles in the flow pattern system can be overcame. The material accomplishes the stability of inorganic functional agent of nano-particles, which greatly improve the use efficiency of the inorganic functional agent, and furthermore provides a technical support for realizing deep purification and safety control of numerous trace pollutants in environment.

The invention discloses a high-efficiency bioflocculant producing bacterium, relates to removal of a trace amount of pollutants which are produced in the city water supply and sewage treatment processes, and solves the problems of low yield of bioflocculant, low artificial regulation performance and single treatment substrate. A screening method comprises the following steps of: domesticating activated sludge of a municipal sewage plant in the Harbin, and enriching biological bacteria, diluting and culturing by using a shake flask, performing plate streaking, separating and purifying biological bacterium species, and repeatedly performing three-area streaking for multiple times to obtain the pure bioflocculant producing bacterial strain KlebsiellaSp.. By the bacterial strain, the removal rate of a trace amount of pollutants in municipal sewage can reach 67.82 percent. By the high-efficiency bioflocculant producing bacterium, the removal rate of a trace amount of pollutants in the municipal sewage is improved, and energy consumption in production is reduced.

The invention relates to a method for measuring phthalic ester in atmospheric particulates, belonging to the field of analysis of trace pollutants in the environment. The method uses a quartz filter membrane to collect particulates, takes dichloromethane as extracting solution, uses an ultrasonic extraction method for extraction, carries out nitrogen-blowing concentration and finally uses a gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (GC / MS) for analysis and measurement, thus accurately and fast analyzing the phthalic ester in the atmospheric particulates. The specific sampling and analysis measuring method comprises the following steps: after being baked at high temperature and weighted in a balanced manner, the quartz filter membrane is sampled for 12-48 hours, the sampled and weighted filter membrane is cut into shreds which are placed into a centrifugal tube, 5-30mL of dichloromethane is added, ultrasonic extraction is carried out for 10-30 minutes, the extracting solution is filtered and collected, all the steps are repeated for one time, the extracting solutions are combined and become 3-6mL in concentration by nitrogen blowing, the combined solution is transferred into a concentrating tube for continuously blowing to be below 2mL, an internal label is added, the obtained solution is constant in volume by dichloromethane and is transferred into an automatic sampling bottle, and finally accurate measurement is carried out by using debugged GC / MS. The developed measuring method is simple and fast and has the characteristics of high recovery ratio, low detection limit, high sensitivity, matrix disturbance resistance and the like.

The invention provides a method for tracing pollutants by combining water quality parameters with a three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum. The method comprises the following steps of water quality testing, fluorescence detection, pollution source type identification, and pollution source determination. The pollutant tracing method is combined with PMF model factor analysis results and the fluorescence intensity ratio of characteristic fluorescent components to quickly judge whether a water body environment is affected by human activities or not and judge the type of a water body pollution source at the same time; in addition, targeted screening of pollution sources is carried out by combining with relevant regional water quality monitoring distribution points with hydrological parameters; and finally, main pollution sources of a water body are defined by comparing test results of the corresponding pollution sources. The method has the advantages of simple operation, high accuracy, good reproducibility and the like; typical pollution sources in the water body environment can be quickly and effectively identified and theoretical guidance is provided for control and treatment of related pollution.

A method of using a triple-effect absorption system to recover methane from landfill gas contaminated with CO2 and trace contaminates such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatics involves processing the landfill gas with three absorbers and a flash system. One absorber uses a solvent to absorb the trace contaminants from the landfill gas, the second absorber in conjunction with the flash system extracts CO2 from the gas, and just a first portion of that CO2 is used for stripping the trace contaminates from the solvent in the third absorber. The rest of the extracted CO2 is vented to atmosphere to prevent dampening the combustion of the trace contaminants absorbed by the first portion of CO2.

The invention relates to a method for removing trace pollutants in water by an intensified PMS composite technology, belonging to the field of water treatment. The method increases the removal rate of pollutants by the intensified PMS composite technology. The method for removing trace pollutants in water by the intensified PMS composite technology comprises the following steps: adding potassium hydrogenperoxomonosulphate and a reinforcer to water containing trace pollutants, in addition, carrying out ultraviolet irradiation, laser irradiation or thermal decomposition, and finally evenly stirring the mixture so as to lead the mixture to react, thereby removing the trace pollutants in water. Compared with the PMS composite technology, the method can increase the removal rate of the pollutants by 5% to 50%.

The invention discloses a method for on-line monitoring er'eying by combining tunable laser light spectrum with flying time mass spectrum. It installs laser absorbing component and detector of a tunable laser light spectrograph on two opposite sides of pipeline diameter of a tested burning system, respectively, the gas is firstly detected by the laser absorbing component, the working current of a laser is regulated to 20-30A, the working length of the laser light is regulated to 112-281m, the gas to be detected is locked and after passing the detector, enters in the flying time mass photograph for detecting, a precursor is on-line detected in a selectively ionizing mode, then on-line concentration of er'eying total by the equivalent relation between fixed precursor and er'eying total. It is convenient to operate, strongly adaptive, not influenced by the dust in measuring environment, and able to quickly, accurately and real-timely monitor the concentration and toxic equivalent of trace pollutant er e ying.

The invention belongs to the technical field of drinking water and sewage treatment, and specifically relates to a water treatment method and equipment of a photocatalytic composite membrane bioreactor for removing micro pollutants out of water. The process mainly consists of an aeration tank and other auxiliary devices. Sewage containing micro pollutants enters the aeration tank. An ultraviolet lamp tube loaded with a titanium dioxide catalyst is vertically distributed at the center in the tank, and the outer layer of the lamp tube is encircled by a membrane assembly and a biological membrane carrier mainly loaded with nitrifying bacteria in sequence. One part of micro pollutants in the sewage are removed by virtue of ultraviolet photo-catalysis, the biological membrane and ammonia nitrogen-containing wastewater generate nitration reaction to remove ammoniacal nitrogen, and in the nitration process, the biological membrane generates co-metabolism with the micro pollutants to further remove the pollutants. The process can have stable and efficient removing effect on various micro pollutants under a low-concentration organic carbon source condition.

The invention discloses a quaternized chitosan / polyacrylic acid composite nanofiltration membrane and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by a layer-by-layer deposition method, taking positively-charged 2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride chitosan as a cationic polymer and polyacrylic acid as an anionic polymer, then introducing a NaCl solution as a supporting salt, alternately depositing, self-assembling layer by layer to form a composite membrane, and finally crosslinking in epoxy chloropropane to obtain the composite nanofiltration membrane. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple in process, natural and environment-friendly; the prepared positively-charged composite nanofiltration membrane has good hydrophilicity, excellent mechanical properties and an excellent swelling property, has the purified water permeation coefficient of 19.29L.h<-1>.m<-2>.Mpa and the cutoff molecular weight of 989, and can be used for separating and removing micro-trace pollutants, especially the positively-charged substances, in a water environment.

The invention provides a preparation method of a chitosan quaternary ammonium HTCC / polyethersulfone (PES) positively charged composite nanofiltration membrane. According to the preparation method, positively charged 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC) is used as a surface-active functional layer, a polyethersulfone ultrafilter membrane with good hydrophilic performance is used as a supporting layer, epoxy chloropropane (ECH) is used as a cross-linking agent, and a coating and crosslinking reaction method is adopted to prepare the positively charged chitosan composite nanofiltration membrane. The preparation method has a simple technology and is natural and environmentally friendly. The positively charged composite nanofiltration membrane prepared by the above method has good hydrophilic performance and excellent mechanical property. Water flux under the operating pressure of 0.4 MPa is 4.77-8.96L.m<-2>.h<-1>, and the positively charged composite nanofiltration membrane has high retention rate for organic matters with molecular weight being more than 600 and inorganic salt solutions such as MgCl2 and the like, and can be used for separating and removing micro / trace pollutants, especially positively charged matters.

The invention provides a method for tracing pollutants by combining nitrogen oxygen isotopes with three-dimensional fluorescence. The method comprises the following steps of isotope determination andanalysis, fluorescence detection and analysis, pollution source type recognition and pollution source determination. According to the method for tracing the pollutants, main pollution sources and thecontribution rate of the pollution sources are determined by using nitrogen oxygen isotope analysis; the fluorescence ratio among various fluorescence peaks is determined by fluorescence detection, sothat the main pollution sources and the fluorescence ratio are combined to judge the pollution source types of sampling points; main sources of pollutants at various sampling points are determined bycombining with geographic location, hydrologic parameters and the pollution source types, so as to effectively improve the reliability and the accuracy of tracing the pollution sources.

The invention provides a method for diagnosing soil pollution condition by using earthworm biomarkers, and belongs to the technical field of soil pollution monitoring and control. In the method, artificially cultured earthworm is used as a standard test animal; four oxidative damage test indexes, namely oxygen free radical, malondialdehyde content, protein carboxyl content and reductive glutathione-oxidative glutathione proportion, are used as the biomarkers for diagnosing soil pollution; clean artificial soil is used as standard soil; and the pollution condition of the tested soil can be quickly and sensitively diagnosed by analyzing the difference of the four oxidative damage indexes in vivo of the earthworm after the earthworm is cultured in the clean artificial soil and the tested soil for certain time. The method can be used for comprehensively diagnosing the soil pollution condition and the health degree, and the method has good sensitivity for trace pollutants in the soil and can be used as a monitoring method for soil pollution early warning. Compared with a chemical analysis method, the method has the characteristics of simple operation and low cost.

The invention relates to a nucleic-acid aptamer type photoelectric sensor for detecting atrazine and a preparation method of such nucleic-acid aptamer type photoelectric sensor. The preparation method includes firstly, preparing a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous 3DOM TiO2 / FTO electrode; then, performing Au nanoparticle modification through a hydrothermal reduction method so as to obtain an Au NPs / 3DOM TiO2 / FTO composite electrode; finally, combining an atrazine aptamer onto the surface of the Au NPs / 3DOM TiO2 / FTO composite electrode through an Au-S bond self-assembled film method so as to obtain an Aptamer / Au NPs / 3dom TiO2 / FTO sensor electrode. Compared with the prior art, the nucleic-acid aptamer type photoelectric sensor for detecting the atrazine and the preparation method have the advantages that the nucleic-acid aptamer is used as an atrazine recognition element, so that sensor detection selectivity is improved greatly; since a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous Au NPs / 3DOM TiO2 / FTO composite material of a microstructure is used for recognizing the molecular load of nucleic-acid aptamer element, the photoelectric catalysis performance can be enhanced effectively, atrazine detection sensitivity is improved, the limit of detection is as low as ng / L, high selective recognition is achieved, and the nucleic-acid aptamer type photoelectric sensor can be applied to detection and analysis of trace pollutants accordingly.

The invention discloses an activated carbon fiber ball and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of activated carbon materials, and provides the activated carbon fiber ball mainly aiming at the problems that the activated carbon fiber is over-high in preparation cost, low in porosity, large in subsequent processing difficulty, single in form, inconvenient to fill and the like at present. According to the main technical scheme, the preparation method of the activated carbon fiber ball comprises the following steps: mixing short carbon fiber with a liquid-containing binder and then stirring at a high speed to form a fiber ball; adding a thermosetting resin emulsion or solution according to the solid content; secondarily rolling and cladding to prepare a fiber / resin ball; solidifying for 2-10 hours at 100-300 DEG C, so as to prepare a solidified ball; putting the solidified ball into a carbonization and activation furnace; and carbonizing and activating by water vapor, so as to prepare the activated carbon fiber ball. The activated carbon fiber ball is good in strength, good in particle sphericity, convenient to fill and exchange, good in permeability, light in weight, strong in adsorption capacity, high in sphere strength, and excellent in inoxidizability and corrosion resistance, and can be widely applied to water treatment, air purification, trace pollutant removal, a catalyst carrier and the like.

The present invention relates to a novel electrical devices fabricated from polycrystalline silicon carbide (SiC) and methods for forming the same. The present invention provides a method for fabricating polycrystalline silicon carbide (SiC) products infiltrated with SiC-containing preceramic precursor resins to substantially mask the deleterious effects of trace contaminants, typically nitrogen and aluminum, while reducing operative porosity and enhancing manufacturing ease.

The invention discloses a graphite / titanium dioxide composite material based polyvinylidene fluoride electrocatalytic ultrafiltration membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof.The ultrafiltration membrane comprises a loose base layer loaded with an electroactive material and a dense active layer with the function of intercepting small molecular trace pollutants; the preparation method comprises the following steps: with hydrophilic carbon cloth as a base, modifying a graphite / titanium dioxide composite material on the carbon cloth through a conductive polymer Nafion, and then preparing a PVDF ultrafiltration layer according to a phase inversion method by using the modified carbon cloth as a base layer so as to form the graphite / titanium dioxide composite material based polyvinylidene fluoride electrocatalytic ultrafiltration membrane. The ultrafiltration membrane is applied as an integrated membrane integrating a filtering technology and an electrocatalytic technology to treatment of trace organic pollutant polluted water; the prepared ultrafiltration membrane can effectively intercept a trace amount of refractory organic pollutants in wastewater; through electrocatalytic performance of the graphite / titanium dioxide composite material, the pollutants are further degraded on the surface of the membrane, so that effective control of the pollutants can be achieved and the problem of membrane pollution can be effectively relieved.

The invention relates to a method for determining phthalate ester in soil, belonging to the filed of analysis of trace contaminants in the environment. The method comprises the following steps: taking dichloromethane as an extract, and extracting by an ultrasonic extraction method; carrying out nitrogen blowing concentration; and finally analyzing and determining by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC / MS) so as to accurately and quickly analyze phthalate ester in the soil. The specific analytical determination method comprises the following steps: taking a certain amount of naturally air-dried soil in a conical flask, and adding 10-30mL of dichloromethane; ultrasonically extracting for 5-30min, and collecting the extract after filtering; repeating the steps twice, and combining the extract; nitrogen-blowing to 3-6mL, and transferring to a concentration tube and then continuing to blow to below 2mL; adding internal standard, fixing volume with the dichloromethane, and transferring to an automatic sample bottle; and finally, accurately determining with debugged GC-MS. The determination method developed by the invention is simple and fast, and has the characteristics of high recovery rate, low detection limit, high sensitivity, matrix interference resistance and the like.

The invention discloses a method for photometric analysis of trace pollutants in a water sample, which comprises the following steps: a, guiding a quantified water sample to be tested and a reagent matched with pollutants to be tested into a reaction unit, thereby generating reaction products in the reaction unit through reaction of the water sample to be tested and the reagent; b, making the reaction solution with the reaction products flow through a concentration unit, so that the reaction products can be combined with a carrier in the concentration unit and can be concentrated on the carrier; c, detecting the concentration unit with a luminosity detection unit so as to obtain the content or concentration of the pollutants to be tested in the water sample. The invention also discloses an analysis device which can apply the analysis method. Moreover, the invention has the advantages of high measurement sensitivity, low requirements for the detection unit and the like.

The invention belongs to the analysis field of trace pollutant in environment, in particular relates to a method for measuring antibiotic in animal excretion. In the method, EDTA-McIlvaine buffering solution and acetonitrile acidulated by formic acid are taken as extracting solution which is extracted by a microwave assisted extractor, and then the steps such as solid phase extraction cartridge, purification and concentration are carried out, finally, liquid chromatogram-mass spectra / mass spectra (LC-MS / MS) is utilized for analytic determination, thereby accurately and rapidly analyzing the antibiotic in animal excretion. The concrete analytic determination method is as follows: taking a given amount of frozen and dried excretion, putting the excretion into a polytetrafluoroethylene extracting tank, adding the EDTA-McIlvaine buffering solution and acetonitrile acidulated by formic acid into the extracting tank, utilizing the debugged microwave assisted extractor for extraction, and then carrying out solid phase extraction cartridge, concentration and purification after optimization, drying by nitrogen, fixing volume, and at last, utilizing regulated HPLC-MS / MS for accurate measurement. The measuring method of the invention is simple and rapid, and has the characteristics of high recovery rate, low detection limit, high sensitivity, matrix interference resistance and the like.

An apparatus and method is presented for removing acid gases and other trace contaminants to very low levels in combustible gases generated from thermal gasification of biomass or refuse-derived fuels. The invention includes optimization of geometric variables, temperature and pressure set points via use of a pressurized bubbling fluidized bed reactor to convert granular raw (non-activated) sorbents and auto-generated biochar sorbents) into activated, highly dispersed, and ideally sized particles for removing acid gases and toxic metals. The system can incorporate a generated gas cooler, a gas-sorbent contact chamber or zone, and a novel filter (with or without additional gas cooling and residence time stages).

The invention relates to a method for degrading organic pollutants in water by immersion ultraviolet light exposure, namely a treatment method of a low-concentration substance or a difficult-to-remove substance in a water body, and belongs to the fields of water pollution control, water treatment technology and environmental protection. The invention discloses an ultraviolet light radiation treatment method for degrading organic pollutants in source water, a water plant, lake water, river water and chemical plant wastewater, and especially removing a few of trace pollutants in the water body. Testes prove that the temperature is room temperature of 25 DEG C under a certain condition; the reactor is adopted under an atmosphere; the power of an ultraviolet tube is 40-60w; the wavelength of an ultraviolet light is 185nm; the initial concentration of the optimal sewage COD (chemical oxygen demand) is not greater than 100mg / ml; the optimal irradiation time is 60-120 minutes; and the organic pollutants in the water almost can be completely removed.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a quaternary ammonium chitosan HTCC-silver / PES antibacterial film. First, the positively charged HTCC is used as the surface active functional layer, the PES ultrafiltration membrane with good hydrophilic performance is used as the support layer, and epichlorohydrin is used as the crosslinking agent, and the positively charged quaternary ammonium is prepared by coating crosslinking reaction method. Chitosan HTCC / PES composite nanofiltration membrane. Then soak the nanofiltration membrane in a certain concentration of silver nitrate solution, and dry the membrane with a nitrogen blower. Finally, photochemical reduction technology is used to reduce the silver ions on the membrane surface into silver particles. The preparation method has a simple process, can be carried out at normal temperature, has good reproducibility, does not need to add a reducing agent, is easy to control the particle size, and is natural and environmentally friendly. The antibacterial film prepared according to this method has excellent hydrophilic properties, mechanical properties and swelling properties, and is resistant to Gram-negative bacteria E. coli Rosetta and E. coli DH5α and Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis Both have good antibacterial ability, and this kind of membrane has a high rejection rate for most PPCPs, and can be used for the separation and removal of trace-trace pollutants in the water environment, especially positively charged substances.