The invention relates to a high-performance C / SiBCN composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a C interface layer,a SiC interface layer and / or a (C / SiC)n alternate interface layer, which is formed by alternate deposition of the C interface layer and the SiC interface layer, on the surface of a carbon fiber preform to obtain a modified carbon fiber preform; and with a liquid SiBCN precursor as an impregnation liquid, carrying out SiBCN matrix densification on the modified carbon fiber preform through a vacuumimpregnation / in-situ curing / medium-pressure cracking PIP process to obtain the high-performance C / SiBCN composite material. According to the invention, the proper interface layers are prepared, so atoughening function is achieved; an in-situ curing process is adopted, so outflow of the precursor in the curing process is avoided, and impregnation depth and impregnation efficiency are improved; and meanwhile, a medium-pressure cracking process is adopted, so SiBCN matrix cracks are reduced, the porosity of the material is reduced, and the mechanical property of the composite material is improved.