262 results about "Complex field" patented technology

In one embodiment, the present invention provides an interferometric inspection system for inspecting semiconductor samples. The system includes at least one illumination source for generating an illumination beam and an interferometric microscope module for splitting the illumination beam into a test beam directed to the semiconductor sample and a reference beam directed to a tilted reference mirror. The beams are combined to generate an interference image at an image sensor. The tilted reference mirror is tilted at a non-normal angle with respect to the reference beam that is incident on the mirror to thereby generate fringes in the interference image. The system also includes an image sensor for acquiring the interference image from the interferometric microscope module and generates an inherence signal. The system further includes a processing module configured to generate complex field information corresponding to the sample from the interference image signal and an alignment module located in the optical path between the interferometric module and the image sensor. In another embodiment, the processing module is configured to generate complex field information from either spatial fringe analysis or temporal fringe analysis performed on the interference image signal.

Metrology targets are formed on a substrate (W) by a lithographic process. A target (T) comprising one or more grating structures is illuminated with spatially coherent radiation under different conditions. Radiation (650) diffracted by from said target area interferes with reference radiation (652) interferes with to form an interference pattern at an image detector (623). One or more images of said interference pattern are captured. From the captured image(s) and from knowledge of the reference radiation a complex field of the collected scattered radiation at the detector. A synthetic radiometric image (814) of radiation diffracted by each grating is calculated from the complex field. From the synthetic radiometric images (814, 814′) of opposite portions of a diffractions spectrum of the grating, a measure of asymmetry in the grating is obtained. Using suitable targets, overlay and other performance parameters of the lithographic process can be calculated from the measured asymmetry.

The present invention relates to one kind of composite electromagnetic field build-up welding method, apparatus and expanded application, and is composite electromagnetic field controlled gas protected build-up welding method. The welding apparatus is provided with exciting power source, exciting device, auxiliary electric field device and water cooling system. The exciting device has electromagnetic stirring exciting coil and electromagnetic heat treatment exciting coil; and the auxiliary electric field device includes one pair of movable electrodes. Through electromagnetic stirring, electromagnetic heat treatment and the compound effect of auxiliary electric field and the welding torch, the present invention realizes the build-up welding of alloy material in high efficiency, high quality and low cost.

Methods and apparatus are presented for obtaining high-resolution 3-D images of a sample over a range of wavelengths, optionally with polarisation-sensitive detection. In preferred embodiments a spectral domain OCT apparatus is used to sample the complex field of light reflected or scattered from a sample, providing full range imaging. In certain embodiments structured illumination is utilised to provide enhanced lateral resolution. In certain embodiments the resolution or depth of field of images is enhanced by digital refocusing or digital correction of aberrations in the sample. Individual sample volumes are imaged using single shot techniques, and larger volumes can be imaged by stitching together images of adjacent volumes. In preferred embodiments a 2-D lenslet array is used to sample the reflected or scattered light in the Fourier plane or the image plane, with the lenslet array suitably angled with respect to the dispersive axis of a wavelength dispersive element such that the resulting beamlets are dispersed onto unique sets of pixels of a 2-D sensor array.

The invention discloses a method for computing harmonic impedance of a power system, and belongs to the field of designs for methods for computing harmonic impedance. The technical scheme includes that a complex least square method is introduced into the subject of computation of harmonic impedance of a power system, and phasor real parts and imaginary parts of measured voltage, measure current and the like are used as organic integration to be computed, so that the optimized least square solution is obtained. Raw data are screened by a method on the basis of relative complex residual error sorting while the data are introduced and processed, and influence of abnormal points to regression coefficients is effectively removed. On the basis of screening of the raw data, loop regression computation is carried out by a repeated weighting method for a complex field, influence of strong influential points to the regression coefficients is effectively reduced, and regressive robustness is improved.

The present invention discloses a method to improve the image resolution of a microscope. This improvement is based on the mathematical processing of the complex field computed from the measurements with a microscope of the wave emitted or scattered by the specimen. This wave is, in a preferred embodiment, electromagnetic or optical for an optical microscope, but can be also of different kind like acoustical or matter waves. The disclosed invention makes use of the quantitative phase microscopy techniques known in the sate of the art or to be invented. In a preferred embodiment, the complex field provided by Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM), but any kind of microscopy derived from quantitative phase microscopy: modified DIC, Shack-Hartmann wavefront analyzer or any analyzer derived from a similar principle, such as multi-level lateral shearing interferometers or common-path interferometers, or devices that convert stacks of intensity images (transport if intensity techniques: TIT) into quantitative phase image can be used, provided that they deliver a comprehensive measure of the complex scattered wavefield. The hereby-disclosed method delivers superresolution microscopic images of the specimen, i.e. images with a resolution beyond the Rayleigh limit of the microscope. It is shown that the limit of resolution with coherent illumination can be improved by a factor of 6 at least. It is taught that the gain in resolution arises from the mathematical digital processing of the phase as well as of the amplitude of the complex field scattered by the observed specimen. In a first embodiment, the invention teaches how the experimental observation of systematically occurring phase singularities in phase imaging of sub-Rayleigh distanced objects can be exploited to relate the locus of the phase singularities to the sub-Rayleigh distance of point sources, not resolved in usual diffraction limited microscopy. In a second, preferred embodiment, the disclosed method teaches how the image resolution is improved by complex deconvolution. Accessing the object's scattered complex field—containing the information coded in the phase—and deconvolving it with the reconstructed complex transfer function (CTF) is at the basis of the disclosed method. In a third, preferred embodiment, it is taught how the concept of “Synthetic Coherent Transfer Function” (SCTF), based on Debye scalar or Vector model includes experimental parameters of MO and how the experimental Amplitude Point Spread Functions (APSF) are used for the SCTF determination. It is also taught how to derive APSF from the measurement of the complex field scattered by a nanohole in a metallic film. In a fourth embodiment, the invention teaches how the limit of resolution can be extended to a limit of λ / 6 or smaller based angular scanning. In a fifth embodiment, the invention teaches how the presented method can generalized to a tomographic approach that ultimately results in super-resolved 3D refractive index reconstruction.

The invention discloses a step-like groove-grid high electron mobility transistor, mainly solving the problems of low breakdown voltage and complex field-plate manufacturing process in the prior art. The step-like groove-grid high electron mobility transistor comprises a substrate (1), a nucleating layer (2), a main channel layer (3) and a main barrier layer (4) from the bottom up, wherein a source electrode (5) and a drain electrode (6) are arranged on two side of the top end of the main barrier layer (4), a grid electrode (7) is arranged in the middle of the top end of the main barrier layer (4), and the main barrier layer (4) is provided with n alternate-circulation heterostructures formed by auxiliary channel layers and auxiliary barrier layers, wherein n ranges from 1 to 3; and a groove (9) is arranged between a topmost auxiliary barrier layer and the main barrler layer (4), and the wall of the groove, adjacent to a drain electrode side, is step-like; and the grid electrode (7) is arranged in the groove (9), and a dielectric layer (8) is arranged between the grid electrode and the groove. In the invention, the breakdown voltage is improved, the ohmic contact resistance between the source electrode and the drain electrode is decreased, the process is simple, and the step-like groove-grid high electron mobility transistor can be used a high-temperature and high-frequency high-power device with high reliability.

A device for treating cells is disclosed. The device includes a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in a side-by-side relationship with the magnetic north pole and the magnetic south pole of each permanent magnet being adjacent the magnetic north pole and magnetic south pole of an adjacent permanent magnet, respectively, the plurality of permanent magnets forming a ring of permanent magnets. The device further includes an electrically conductive wire wound substantially around the ring of permanent magnets, and tubing wrapped around the ring of permanent magnets between windings of the wire. A cooling device introduces a flow of coolant through the tubing so as to substantially cool the device. The device further includes a control circuit, connected to the wire, for selectively generating a coil current for passing through the wire. The current has an AC component and a DC component. The frequency of the AC component is programmable and is set to substantially match a resonant frequency associated with the cells to be treated. The coil current creates an electromagnetic field that interacts with a magnetic field generated by the ring of permanent magnets to generate a complex field that causes ionic collisions within the cells to be treated.

The invention provides a denoising method for increasing the signal to noise ratio of seismic data, and belongs to the field of geophysical prospecting for petroleum. The data partitioning technique and the wave field separation technique are combined to suppress stochastic noise so as to increase the signal to noise ratio of seismic data. The method includes: partitioning the seismic data, subjecting each data block to complex field SVD (singular value decomposition) filtering, using the wave field separation technique for decomposition of characteristic values, using optimized characteristic values for data reconstruction, and replacing original frequency slices to realize suppression of the stochastic noise. Compared with the conventional SVD technique which assumes horizontal lineups, the method has the advantages that any relative time difference correction for the lineups is not needed, and denoising effects are stable. By means of the partitioning technique, unsteady state of inclination angle variation in actual seismic data can be overcome effectively, and time occupied by SVD and reconstruction is greatly shortened.

A wireless communication system is described that generates FDFR transmissions with any number of transmit and receive antennas through flat-fading channels and frequency- or time-selective channels. In particular, the system utilizes layer-specific linear complex-field (LCF) coding with a circular form of layered space-time (ST) multiplexing to achieve FDFR wireless communications with any number of transmit and receive antennas through flat-fading and frequency- or time-selective channels. Additionally, the described techniques provide flexibility for desirable tradeoffs among performance, rate, and complexity.

The invention relates to a novel field device inspection system and an inspection method thereof. The system mainly comprises two parts including an inspection terminal system and a WEB server system; a foreground-background treatment mode is adopted, wherein a foreground inspection terminal consists of a two-dimensional code label, a two-dimensional code scanning gun and an inspection panel which are fixed on a field device; the WEB server system and a WIFI (wireless fidelity) wireless route form background data processing and device management; the inspection terminal system and the WEB server system adopt a C / S (Client / Server) structure; and the WEB server system and a client in a local area network adopt a B / S (browser / Server) structure. The technical scheme adopted by the invention not only achieves mobility, portability and flexibility of field inspection, but also realizes safety and accuracy of device inspection under the complex field working condition well.

The invention provides a direction field distribution-based fingerprint correction method, which comprises the following steps of: making statistics on local modes and space distribution in the ridge directions of fingerprints in a cluster learning method, searching for an area similar to a fingerprint mode in a target image in a local mode comparison mode, eliminating the influence of the local modes at irrational positions by combining the spatial position of each local mode, estimating the positions and the directions of the fingerprints, and cutting and correcting the fingerprints according to the information of the positions and the directions. Fingerprints at nonstandard postures are corrected into fingerprints at standard postures to improve fingerprint comparison and query efficiency; all fingerprints can be automatically detected and cut from a background-complex field fingerprint image with a plurality of fingerprints, and the postures of the fingerprints are corrected; and the method has the advantages of high calculation efficiency and high accuracy.

An integrated interferometric and intensity based microscopic inspection system inspects semiconductor samples. A switchable illumination module provides illumination switchable between interferometric inspection and intensity based microscopic inspection modes. Complex field information is generated from interference image signals received at a sensor. Intensity based signals are used to perform the microscopic inspection. The system includes at least one illumination source for generating an illumination beam and an integrated interferometric microscope module for splitting the illumination beam into a test beam directed to the semiconductor sample and a reference beam directed to a tilted reference mirror. The beams are combined to generate an interference image at an image sensor. The tilted reference mirror is tilted with respect to the reference beam that is incident on the mirror to thereby generate fringes in the interference image. The system also includes an image sensor for acquiring the interference image from the inteferometric microscope module and intensity signals from the microscopic inspection image.

The invention discloses a method for computing harmonic impedance of a system based on maximum likelihood estimation theory. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: collecting bus voltage instantaneous value of common coupling point and current instantaneous value of user access system, and establishing a relation between harmonic voltage phasor and harmonic current phasor; on the basis of defining a complex covariance, deriving to obtain a probability density function of unary complex normal distribution so as to obtain a maximum likelihood estimation function; establishing the maximum likelihood estimation theory of complex field estimated by the harmonic impedance of system; utilizing an extreme value theory to solve the maximum likelihood estimation function so as to obtain the estimated value of harmonic impedance of the system finally. The method has the beneficial effects that the method for computing harmonic impedance of the system based on maximum likelihood estimation theory is capable of relatively accurately computing equivalent harmonic impedance of the system and has important meanings for further solving the problem of harmonic pollution and improving the management level of electric energy quality.

The invention relates to application of microwave remote sensing in the field of forests and discloses a polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry (POLInSAR) vegetation height inversion method based on complex field adjustment theory. The complex field adjustment theory and a physical model for POLInSAR vegetation height inversion are organically combined by the method. The method comprises the following steps of: I, performing registration on obtained complete polarization data of N scenes to obtain M baseline interference pairs; II, performing polarized interference on the M baseline interference pair to obtain M*P interference fringe patterns, and estimating corresponding complex coherences of the M*P interference fringe patterns; and III, working out a vegetation height hv based on complex field adjustment computation. The POLInSAR vegetation height inversion method based on the complex field adjustment theory is visual in principle, is easy to realize programming and extension, is a steady and feasible vegetation height inversion method, and can be widely applied to the POLInSAR technology to measure the vegetation height within a large-scale area and even a global scale.

A system and method forming near diffraction limited size beacon for adaptive optical system using a temporally partially coherent laser source. Comprises projection of laser beams through turbulent medium having non-cooperative target using combination of adaptive optical system and short temporal coherence length laser source forming controllable focused laser target beacon. Combines adaptive optical system technology using any wavefront sensing technique making complex field measurements with short coherence length and associated broad spectral bandwidth. The partially coherent laser source forms narrow (near diffraction limited) size region of coherent laser light at target. The coherent region of return dominates signal for any measurement technique computing average of field over wavelength bandpass and can be used to pre-compensate either the partially coherent laser beam, a long coherence length beam of different wavelength or wavelength in bandpass, or both. Pre-compensation of the partially coherent laser beam can lead to signal-to-noise ratio enhancements.

The invention relates to a quality improving method for horizontal continuous casting blanks by applying complex field and the device, belonging to the technical field of preparation of metal material, in particular to the technology of applying complex electromagnetic field and ultrasonic field in the continuous casting process of metal casting blanks. The device is characterized in that a generator of inert gas is arranged at the center of the bottom of a holding furnace; a generator of traveling wave magnetic field is arranged on the side of the holding furnace; a power ultrasonic device is arranged on the holding furnace close to the water port; a restriction electromagnetic coil is arranged on the outer side of a crystallizer. The device has the advantages that: firstly, the production technology is simple, the operation is easy, and the efficiency is high; secondly; the disadvantages of easy broken in rolling and drawing process of casting blank due to more impurity and pores is solved; thirdly, the solidification structure of the casting blanks is uniform, the crystal grain is fine, and the casting blanks can be rolled directly at casting state. The quality improving method and the device are mainly used for the field of metal continuous casting.

The invention discloses a measurement and calculation method of harmonic impedance of a power system. A complex least square method is introduced into harmonic impedance calculation of a power system and the phasor real and imaginary parts like a measured voltage and a measured current and the like are used as an organic integrated part to carry out calculation, so that an optimized least square solution is obtained. According to the invention, the data processing process is introduced and original data are screened by using a relative-complex-residual-sorting-based method, so that the influence on a regression coefficient by an abnormal point can be effectively eliminated. On the basis of screening of the original data, circulated regressive calculation is carried out by employing a complex field repeated weighting method, so that the influence on the regression coefficient by the strong influence point can be effectively reduced and the regression robustness is enhanced.

A high resolution 3-D holographic camera. A reference spot on a target is illuminated by three spatially separated beamlets (simultaneously produced from a single laser beam), producing a lateral shear of a wavefront on the target. The camera measures the resulting reflected speckle intensity pattern which are related the gradient of the interfered complex fields. At the same time a flood beam illuminates the entire target and reflected speckle is also recorded by the same camera to provide the necessary object spatial frequencies. The illumination patterns are sequenced in time, stepping through offset phase shifts to provide data necessary to reconstruct an image of the target from the recorded reflected light. The reference spot phase and amplitude are then reconstructed, and the reference spot's complex field is then digitally interfered with the flood illuminated speckle field by use of a special algorithm. In order to obtain a high resolution 3D image of the target, a second measurement is acquired with the laser beam slightly shifted in frequency to second color.

The invention discloses a robot used for high risk operation. The robot comprises a robot vehicle, a mechanical arm and a helmet. The robot vehicle comprises a robot mechanical arm, a track chassis, solar panels and a camera device. The mechanical arm comprises a right-hand mechanical arm body and a left-hand mechanical arm body. The right-hand mechanical arm body comprises a right glove, a right elbow sleeve and a right control device. The right control device is composed of a first inertial navigation module, a potentiometer, a first single-chip microcomputer control panel and a first power source. The left-hand mechanical arm body comprises a left glove, a left elbow sleeve and a left control device. The left control device comprises a second single-chip microcomputer control panel, a tilt angle sensor, a wireless serial port module, a second power source and a single-chip microcomputer enabling switch. The helmet comprises a helmet body, a camera video display screen, a battery, a third inertial navigation module, a third single-chip microcomputer, a second wireless module and the like. The robot is visually and easily controlled through the arm and hand actions of people, wearing and flexible control are convenient, and the robot is suitable for being used in the dangerous and complex field.

The invention discloses a method for testing transformer oil paper insulation frequency domain dielectric response and a device thereof. The device comprises a variable frequency signal generator (1), a signal conditioning module (3), a signal acquisition module (8) and a processing module (11). The signal output end of the variable frequency signal generator (1) is connected to the input end of a tested transformer (2). The output end of the tested transformer (2) is connected to the receiving end of the signal conditioning module (3) and the receiving end of the signal acquisition module (8). The method and the device have the advantages that the operation is simple, the measurement precision is high, the anti-interference ability is strong, the measurement result information is rich, the measurement of transformer oil paper insulation frequency domain dielectric response can be completed in a complex field environment, the cost is low, the method and the device can be widely popularized and applied in a domestic power system, the transformer oil paper insulation aging state assessment and fault diagnosis are improved further, and the method and the device have an important meaning to the reliable operation of the power system.

Disclosed are systems and methods for object inspection, in particular for inspection of reticles used in a lithography process. The method includes interferometrically combining a reference radiation beam with a probe radiation beam, and storing their complex field images. The complex field image of one object is then compared with that of a reference object to determine the differences. The systems and methods have particular utility in the inspection of a reticle for defects.

A method and a computer system for indexing and searching the data content of nested field records, such as those in Extensible Markup Language (XML). The system includes an indexing and searching engine that constructs an improved full-text search index on the input XML data and then performs searches using the index. The system supports exact matches and partial matches using a wildcard character. The method transforms the input XML data into a form that encodes the data structural information by suffixing each word with its corresponding field qualifiers or an equivalent numerical pattern thereof. The resulting encoded words are then stored in a full-text index structure. Various types of full-index search may be performed. One alternative embodiment is to combine string matching and numeric or integer pattern matching to identify a particular word in a particular field. The portion of the word without field qualifiers is matched against the words in the index, and the pattern of numerals representing the word's field qualifiers is matched against the numeral patterns of the words in the index that correspond to their respective field qualifiers. Therefore, evaluation of complex field criteria is reduced to simpler and faster numeric matching.

The invention provides a nonlinear transformation method and a nonlinear transformation device for symmetric key encryption. Nonlinear transformation can be used directly as an S box; the S box uses function complex affine transformation in a finite field; and on the basis of keeping the original structure and code cryptographic characteristics of the S box of advanced encryption standard (AES), by increasing the times of nonlinear operation, the algebraic immunity of the S box is improved without reducing the complexity of the implementation mode of complex field hardware of the S box. The invention also provides a method for implementing the hardware of the S box. In the method, the complex field representation of elements is introduced, the inversion of an original field is converted into the inversion of a complex field, a plurality of linear and affine transformations are combined, and sub-field operations involved in the inversion of the complex field, such as multiplication, square operation, constant multiplication and inversion are all converted into inter-bit exclusive or operation and and operation. The whole S box hardware implementation process only requires a simple logic gate circuit, table lookup is avoided, hardware implement expense is reduced and the path delay is reduced.

The invention discloses a variable-angle illumination tomography method and a device based on a deep learning generation network. The method comprises the following steps of according to the Helmholtzequation of the wave and the Fourier propagation model of the light, deriving a distribution model of a diffraction field and a refraction field when the light propagates layer by layer in a non-uniform transparent medium; generating a neural network by simulating the physical process of the deep learning during the time-domain and frequency-domain propagation process in a complex form; through an angle spectrum propagation formula, backwardly transmitting a collected output optical complex field wherein samples cannot penetrate the collected output optical complex field as the complex fielddata of the input light, and adopting the complex field of a collected and transmitted to-be-reconstructed sample as the complex field data of the output light; according to a reconstruction resolution condition, adjusting the parameters of the deep learning network, and training the deep learning network; solving the three-dimensional refractive index distribution of the sample through a weight obtained through training the deep learning network, and realizing the chromatographic reconstruction of the sample. According to the invention, the chromatographic reconstruction capability low in acquisition amount and high in resolution is achieved. The resolution precision of the sample tomography reconstruction is effectively improved.

A non-invasive optical measurement system comprises an optical source for generating source light, and an interferometer for splitting the source light into sample light and reference light, delivering the sample light into an anatomical structure, resulting in physiological-encoded signal light that exits the anatomical structure, and combining the signal light and the reference light into at least three phase-modulated interference light patterns. The optical path lengths of the respective source light and sample light match within a coherence length of the source light. The system further comprises at least three optical detectors configured for respectively detecting the interference light patterns, and a processor configured for determining a time-lapsed complex field of the signal light based on the interference light patterns, determining a decorrelation speed of the time-lapsed complex field of the signal light, and identifying a physiological event in the anatomical structure based on the determined decorrelation speed of the signal light.

The invention discloses a device for acquiring inversion significant wave height and relative elevation in a delay mapping receiver, which comprises a direct signal acquisition, tracking and module, a two-dimensional correlation computation module, a significant wave height computation module and a relative elevation computation module. In the invention, a frequency domain processing method is used for processing a direct digital intermediate frequency signal DDIF and a reflected digital intermediate frequency signal RDIF to obtain two-dimensional correlation values CDCo and CRCo, and two-dimensional correlation power values PDCo and PRCo of the satellite direct signal and sea reflected signal; an interference complex field processing method is used for processing CDCo, CRCo and epsilon to obtain the sea surface significant wave height SWH; and a peak value following processing method is used for processing PDCo, PRCo and epsilon to obtain a relative elevation H from delay mapping receiver to sea surface.

The invention discloses a method of autonomous drawing and transmission by utilizing GPS. The method comprises the following steps: S1. using GPS to record a movement track; S2. preserving the movement track and updating data of the movement track to GPS map information; S3. uploading the data of the movement track to an assigned server which records and stores the data of the movement track. The invention also discloses a mobile terminal of autonomous drawing and transmission by utilizing the above method. According to the method of autonomous drawing and transmission by utilizing GPS, a rescue team is helped to discover a movement route and position of outdoor exploration victims. The method is contributed to record a valuable object found in the wild lest the object can not be found again because of complex field environment, the method also is contributed to help GPS map providers to updating map.

An optimization method of multiattribute plotting sequence based on plotting state comprises that: (1) in a pretreating phase, after reading a model in a scene, according to plotting attributes of all objects in the scene, corresponding plotting state is associated for each object, and converting relations between different states are represented as a directed graph with weight, and each side represents conversion between two states, converting spending is used as weight value, then a state conversion sequence found by the optimization method is adopted on the basis of a state conversion figure; (2) in a real-time plotting phase, first, visible cutting is performed on the scene, assembly of the visible object at the current viewpoint is obtained, the object in the assembly is sorted according to the associated plotting state and according to the sequence in the obtained plotting sequence, finally the visible object is transmitted to a display hardware for plotting. The invention effectively advances plotting efficiency of the multi-attribute object in complex field, and performs corresponding optimization aiming at different display hardware, with better adaptability.