A two-dimensional turbulence sensor having an orthogonal cantilever beam structure, comprising a probe (1), a sheath (2), a front beam (3), a first sensitive element (4), a conversion connector (5), a rear beam (6), a second sensitive element (7), a rear seat (8), a sealing rod (9), and a conditioning circuit (10); the probe is mounted at the front end of the sheath, the front beam is mounted inside a front section of the sheath (2), the front beam is vertically placed, and the first sensitive element is mounted on the front beam; the front end face of the conversion connector is provided with a vertical notch (5a), a tail part of the front beam is inserted into the vertical notch, the rear end face of the conversion connector is provided with a horizontal notch (5b) in the horizontal direction, a head part of the rear beam is inserted into the horizontal notch, and the second sensitive element is mounted on the rear beam; the front beam and the rear beam are distributed in an orthogonally perpendicular manner in space to form a cantilever beam structure; and both the first sensitive element and the second sensitive element are connected to the conditioning circuit. The sensor achieves high-resolution observation of two-dimensional physical properties and spatial features of turbulence, and is able to provide a highly reliable detection means for research such as a formation and disappearance mechanism and a trajectory of motion of micro-scale turbulence.