The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum oxide carrier. The method comprises the following steps: (1) bottom water is added into a pressure zone and a reaction zone of a reactor, ionic liquid I is added, and gelling temperature is adjusted; (2) an aqueous solution of alkaline aluminate is added into the reactor, at the same time CO2 enters the reaction zone from the lower part of the reaction zone, CO2 and the aqueous solution of alkaline aluminate are neutralized for carrying out a sol forming reaction, when water in the pressure zone enters the reaction zone through a semi-permeable membrane, the sol concentration is kept in a concentration range, and the reaction is continuously carried out; (3) after the reaction ends, ultrasonic vibration at the bottom is started, and after aging, washing and drying are carried out, pseudo-boehmite is obtained. (4) mixing and kneading, moulding, drying and calcination of the pseudo-boehmite prepared in the step (3), an adhesive and ionic liquid II are carried out, and the aluminum oxide carrier is obtained. The aluminum oxide carrier has the advantages of high specific surface area, large aperture and pore volume, high lateral compressive strength, and low abrasion; and the product is adapted to be the carrier of boiling bed wax oil, residual oil hydrogenation catalysts.