The invention discloses a preparation method of a nickel cobalt lithium manganate composite anode material. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1), with the nickel cobalt lithium manganate or the nickel cobalt lithium manganate doped with metal ions as a substrate and the lithium manganate fine powder as a coating material, uniformly mixing the nickel cobalt lithium manganate substrate or the nickel cobalt lithium manganate substrate doped with metal ions, the lithium manganate fine powder and a bonding agent in weight percentage, wherein the additive amount of the lithium manganate fine powder is 0.1% to 40% of the composite anode material in percentage by weight, and the additive amount of the bonding agent is 0.1% to 5% of the composite anode material in percentage by weight; and 2), putting a mixture obtained in the step 1) into a reacting furnace, performing sectional sintering in air or oxygen atmosphere, heating to 300-700 DEG C firstly, processing for 1-20 hours at the constant temperature, and then heating to 800-1000 DEG C, and processing for 1-20 hours at the constant temperature, cooling naturally, and processing the powder, so as to obtain the nickel cobalt lithium manganate composite anode material.