The invention discloses a preparation method of modified emulsified asphalt for an ultra-thin wearing layer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing materials of asphalt, a modifying agent, a cationic quick-cracking type emulsifying agent and water according to the following matching ratio: 45.0-68.0% of asphalt, 3.0-4.0% of modifying agent, 0.25-0.45% of cationic quick-cracking type emulsifying agent, 0.5-2.0% of stabilizing agent, 1-5% of auxiliary agent and the balance of water; (2) rising the temperature of the asphalt to 160-189 DEG C, adding the modifying agent, stirring uniformly, grinding by a grinding machine, and controlling the particle size of the modifying agent to be less than 5mum, thereby preparing the modified asphalt; (3) adding the emulsifying agent and the stabilizing agent into water with the temperature of 40-60 DEG C, and adjusting the pH value to be 1.5-3 by using the auxiliary agent, thereby preparing soap liquid; and (4) preparing the modified asphalt obtained in the step (2) and the soap liquid in proportion by an emulsifying device. By virtue of the scheme, the obtained modified emulsified asphalt for the ultra-thin wearing layer has the advantages of strong adhesive property, high solid content and fast emulsion-breaking speed.