34 results about "O-vanillin" patented technology

The present invention features polymers containing vanillin monomers and / or o-vanillin monomers and the use thereof in darkening the skin.

The invention relates to a bis-o-vanillin ethylene diamine schiff base and transitional metal coordination compound and a preparation method thereof, which can solve the problem of the application of a coordination compound prepared by compounding bis-o-vanillin ethylene diamine schiff base serving as a ligand and a transitional metal to a medicament for treating diabetes. The coordination compound is the bis-o-vanillin ethylene diamine schiff base and transitional metal coordination compound prepared by compounding the bis-o-vanillin ethylene diamine schiff base with the transitional metal. The preparation method of the coordination compound comprises the following steps of: dissolving one of 0.02 to 0.03mol of transitional metal vanadium, 0.02 to 0.03mol of cadmium salt or 0.02 to 0.03mol of copper salt and 0.02mol of bis-o-vanillin ethylene diamine schiff base by using 3 to 5mL of methanol or mixed solution of 3 to 5mL of methanol and N,N-dimethyl formamide in the volume ratio of 1:6 respectively; slowly and uniformly mixing; filtering the mixed liquor; diluting the obtained filtrate to 8mL by using methanol; and standing at the temperature of between 18 and 25 DEG C for 5 to 30 days to obtain the coordination compound. The coordination compound has a simple preparation method, can be effectively used for preparing the medicament for treating the diabetes and is an innovation of the medicament for treating the diabetes.

The invention discloses a method for preparing o-vanillin and relates to a chemical synthesis method. The method comprises the following steps of: by utilizing the characteristics that a sulfonic acid group occupies a site and is removed by hydrolysis, firstly, sulfonating methyl catechol at the temperature of about 80 DEG C under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid; then, performing a condensation reaction between the sulfonated methyl catechol and glyoxylic acid under the alkaling condition, and then, performing the hydrolysis at the temperature of about 110 DEG C to remove the sulfonic acid group; performing electrolytic oxidation, syneresis and filtration on a product, and then, extracting the product by using ethyl acetate when the product is hot; merging an upper extract layer; and drying, filtering and performing reduced pressure rotary distillation to obtain an o-vanillin product, and simultaneously recovering a low layer aqueous phase, and performing recrystallization to obtain a high-purity sodium sulfate crystal. The o-vanillin is derived from a byproduct generated by synthetizing vanillin at present, therefore, the yield is low, the demand is high, and the price is high. The technical problem that the o-vanillin is directly synthetized in China is solved by the method for preparing the o-vanillin, and meanwhile, lower layer extract liquor is recovered to obtain byproduct sodium sulfate with a high additional value. The method for preparing the o-vanillin is higher in economic benefit and social benefit.

The invention discloses a porous cobalt sulfide and nitrogen-doped carbon composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials of a cobalt salt containing crystal water, o-phenylenedimine, o-vanillin and elemental sulfur. Compared with the prior art, the composite material obtained by the preparation method is used as a positive electrode material or a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery, and excellent cycle stability and high rate performance are shown; and moreover, the preparation method does not need any solvent and is a green, simple and energy-saving preparation method for an electrode material.

The invention provides a method for preparing berberrubine from o-vanillin as a raw material and relates to a preparation method of a pharmaceutical raw material. The method comprises following steps:o-vanillin is taken as the raw material, o-vanillin and homopiperonylamine are added to a reaction kettle respectively, a nickel-based catalyst and a solvent are added, hydrochloric acid is added toa reaction product, cooling crystallization is performed, a crystal substance and glyoxal are put into an acetic acid and acetic anhydride solvent, a copper-based catalyst is added, and a mixture is subjected to a cyclization reaction; hydrochloric acid and an oxidizing agent are added to a reaction product, ammonium hydroxide is added to a reaction liquid, activated carbon is added, and a reaction solution is obtained; hydrochloric acid is added to the reaction solution, cooling crystallization and filtering are performed, and a primary crystal product is obtained; the primary crystal productis washed with ethanol and dried, and the product berberrubine is obtained. The raw materials are available, time and energy are saved, and cost is reduced; by means of industrial production of berberrubine, clinical requirements of berberrubine in current resistance to tumor, hypertension, arrhythmia and hyperglycemia and treatment of Alzheimer disease are met, and an effective drug is providedfor relieving pain of patients.

The invention discloses a new synthesis method of a natural product Salvianolic Acid F. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out hydroxyl group protection on 4-methycatechol used as a raw material, carrying out a methyl radical reaction, and reacting the obtained methyl radical reaction product with triphenyl phosphine to obtain a phosphorus onium salt of formula 7; carrying out hydroxyl group protection, bromination and hydroxyl group deprotection on o-vanillin used as a raw material, carrying out methyl group deprotection on the hydroxyl group, and carrying out hydroxyl group protection to obtain a compound of formula 5; carrying out a Wittig reaction on the compound of formula 5 and the phosphorus onium salt of formula 7, carrying out lithium-halogen exchange under the action of n-butyllithium, and reacting the obtained exchange product with N,N-dimethyl formamide to obtain a compound of formula 3; carrying out an HWE reaction on the compound of formula 3 and phosphate ester of formula 4 to obtain a compound of formula 2; and carrying out hydroxyl deprotection and methyl ester hydrolysis to obtain the Salvianolic Acid F. The synthesis method has the advantages of novel and reasonable route, cheap and easily available raw materials, simple operating technology, mild reaction conditions, few side reactions, high yield and good repeatability.

The invention provides a synthesis process of 1,2,3-trimethoxy-benzene, which is characterized by comprising: putting o-vanillin and sodium hydroxide in a reaction kettle; dripping hydrogen peroxide at room temperature; subjecting the mixture to Dakin oxidation; dripping dimethyl sulfate and industrial caustic soda liquid; after the completion of the reaction, performing extraction with methylbenzene; concentrating and recovering the methylbenzene; and adding ethanol-water recrystallization to obtain the refined 1,2,3-trimethoxy-benzene. The synthesis process of the 1,2,3-trimethoxy-benzene isprocess sequence, low in equipment requirement, simple in operation, high in product yield and quality, and suitable for industrial production.

The invention relates to a method for preparing novolac epoxy resin by utilizing vanillin production waste liquid. A polymerization reaction is performed on the waste liquid containing 20% to 30% of o-vanillin, 10% to 15% of isovanillin, 10% to 15% of vanillin, 10% to 15% of dimerized vanillin, 15% to 20% of vanillic acid, 5% to 10% of mandelic acid and 5% to 10% of dimerized mandelic acid and formaldehyde solution to generate a linear phenolic polymer. Under the condition of existence of sodium hydroxide and a surfactant, a condensation reaction is further performed on the linear phenolic polymer and epichlorohydrin to obtain the novolac epoxy resin of which an epoxy value is 0.1 to 0.27mol / 100g and a viscosity is 1.5 to 3.0mPa.s. According to the invention, the novolac epoxy resin is prepared by the vanillin production waste liquid, so that the difficult problem of treating the vanillin production waste liquid is solved, comprehensive utilization of waste is implemented, production cost of the novolac epoxy resin is greatly reduced, and product performance of the novolac epoxy resin is improved.

The invention discloses a copper complex based on a biotin o-vanillin acylhydrazone derivative and a synthetic method and application thereof. The copper complex is obtained by reaction of an acylhydrazone ligand obtained by reaction of biotin hydrazide and o-vanillin and bivalent copper salt in a solvent. By investigating the proliferation and inhibition activity of the complex to multiple humantumor cell strains and human normal cell strains, the applicant finds that the complex shows better proliferation and inhibition activity to T-24 and A-549, has lower toxicity to human normal cells HL-7702, has better potential medicinal value and is expected to be used for preparation of various anti-tumor drugs. The structural formula of the copper complex is as shown in the formula (I) in the description, wherein, the solvent is CH3OH or C2H5OH, and anion is NO3<-> or ClO4<->.

The invention relates to a method for compounding BNC 105, which uses o-vanillin and 3,4,5- trimethoxy-benzaldehyde as starting materials. The o-vanillin is subjected to hydroxy protection and aldehyde oxidation to be hydrolyzed into phenol, and the phenol is subjected to iodination to generate o-iodophenol intermediates. The 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzaldehyde is subjected to nucleophilic addition and oxidation to generate acetylenic ketone intermediates. The acetylenic ketone intermediates and the o-iodophenol intermediates are processed to obtain the BNC 105 through Michael addition, free-radical ring closing and deprotection. The method for compounding the BNC 105 is low in cost of raw materials, easy to obtain the raw materials, mild in reaction conditions and simple and feasible in operation, and is suitable for commercial process.

The invention discloses an ion selective electrode for determining trace chromium (III) as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: S1, synthesizing an o-vanillin shrinkage-1,3-dethiosemicarbazide schiff base; S2, preparing the ion selective electrode by using an o-vanillin shrinkage-1,3-dethiosemicarbazide schiff base doped sensitive film reagent. Through synthesizing an o-vanillin shrinkage-1,3-dethiosemicarbazide schiff base, the ion selective electrode for determining trace chromium (III) is prepared by using a sensitive film reagent containing the o-vanillin shrinkage-1,3-dethiosemicarbazide schiff base. The process is simple in operation; an ion selective electrode prepared by using the method disclosed by the invention is good in ion selectivity to trace chromium (III), high in sensitivity, wide in linear range, low in detection limit and long in electrode service life.

The invention relates to a synthesis method and application of an o-vanillin Schiff base platinum complex. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: synthesizing a Schiff base ligand by taking o-vanillin and 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide as raw materials; and reacting the ligand with K2PtCl4 to prepare the platinum complex. In an in-vitro test, the synthesized platinum complex has good inhibitory activity on a human breast cancer cell strain MCF7, can effectively inhibit cell migration, makes cells stagnated in an S phase to block cell proliferation, and is suitable for preparing efficient antitumor drugs.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking cyclic ester, lignin, a metal (III) salen catalyst and an organic solvent as raw materials, and reacting under the protection of inert gas to obtain the lignin-containing polyol. The obtained lignin-containing polyol has a higher hydroxyl value and a lower acid value. Compared with the prior art, the catalyst used in the invention keeps higher catalytic activity compared with other metal catalysts, and the reaction time is shortened in the preparation process; the catalyst is derived from bio-based o-vanillin, is simple to prepare and easy to obtain, and is more environment-friendly; in addition, the catalyst exhibits low loading tolerance in the reaction. Meanwhile, the polyol is prepared by a one-pot method, activation or acylation of lignin is not needed, dissolvability of lignin before and after reaction is greatly different, separation of products is facilitated, and the polyol can replace petrochemical polyol to be applied to preparation of polyurethane materials.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a 1,2-diaminopropane o-vanillin double-Schiff base corrosion inhibitor. The method includes the steps of firstly, weighing 1.1411g of o-vanillin, placing into a round-bottom flask containing 15mL of anhydrous ethanol, and evenly stirring through magnetic stirring; secondly, adding 0.1853g of analytically pure 1,2-diaminopropane and 0.15mL of glacialacetic acid, stirring at 65 DEG C, and performing reflux reaction under nitrogen protection for 6 hours; thirdly, cooling under room temperature, performing reduced pressure suction filtration, constantly eluting with anhydrous ethanol, taking out filter cake, and performing vacuum drying on the filter cake; fourthly, placing the filter cake into a beaker containing 40mL of anhydrous ethanol, stirring, performing reduced pressure suction filtration, taking the filter cake, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the 1,2-diaminopropane o-vanillin double-Schiff base corrosion inhibitor applicableto the corrosion prevention of carbon steel in a pickling solution. The method is simple in process, good in repeatability and high in yield, and the prepared corrosion inhibitor is good in corrosioninhibition effect on the carbon steel in dilute sulfuric acid.

The invention discloses an o-vanillin diethylenediamine vanadium coordination compound, and a synthesis method and the application thereof. The chemical formula of the o-vanillin diethylenediamine vanadium coordination compound is {[VOL*(H2O)]*H2O}n and the molecular formula is C18H22N2O7V; the ligand of the o-vanillin diethylenediamine vanadium coordination compound is o-vanillin diethylenediamine. The VOSO4 and the o-vanillin diethylenediamine serving as the ligand are subjected to reaction by a hydrothermal method, and the ligand and metal ions are subjected to coordination, so that the brand new o-vanillin diethylenediamine vanadium coordination compound is obtained. The coordination compound is expected to be applied in the fields of oxidation resistance, cancer resistance and the like. The synthesis method provided by the invention is simple, convenient, safe, mild in reaction condition, high in yield, high in purity and favorable for subsequent tests.

The invention discloses a synthesis method and application of a binuclear zinc complex, which comprises the following steps: synthesizing a Schiff base ligand by using o-vanillin and 4, 4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazide as raw materials, and reacting the ligand with zinc chloride to obtain the zinc complex. The synthesized zinc complex has good inhibitory activity on a human lung cancer cell strain A549, has good inhibitory activity on a human lung cancer cell cis-platinum drug-resistant strain A549cisR, and is suitable for preparing efficient antitumor drugs.

The invention discloses an o-vanillin bisethylenediamine vanadium complex, a synthesis method and an application thereof. The chemical formula of the o-vanillin bisethylenediamine vanadium complex is: {[VOL·(H 2 O)]·H 2 O} n , the molecular formula is: C 18 h 22 N 2 o 7 V; The ligand of the o-vanillin bisethylenediamine vanadium complex is o-vanillin bisethylenediamine. The present invention uses o-vanillin bisethylenediamine as a ligand, and adopts a hydrothermal method to convert VOSO 4 React with o-vanillin bisethylenediamine to coordinate ligands with metal ions to obtain a new o-vanillin bisethylenediamine vanadium complex. The complex is expected to be applied in the fields of anti-oxidation and anti-cancer. The synthesis method of the invention is simple, convenient and safe, has mild reaction conditions, high yield and high purity, and is beneficial to subsequent tests.

The invention discloses a gold complex taking o-vanillin thiosemicarbazone as a ligand and a synthesis method thereof. During synthesis, thiosemicarbazone is dissolved in methanol, o-vanillin is added, reflux reaction and filtration are performed, filtrate is volatilized at room temperature, crystals are separated out, and the ligand is obtained after diethyl ether is used for washing and drying;the ligand is dissolved in methanol or methanol and acetonitrile, wherein the volume ratio of methanol to acetonitrile is 3:1; reflux reaction and filtering are performed to obtain a precipitate; theprecipitate is washed by ether, the washed precipitate is placed in an oven and dried; finally the precipitate is dissolved and filtered, the filtrate is placed on the bottom of a test tube, n-hexaneis paved on the upper layer, and crystals are obtained after several hours of diffusion, namely the gold complex. In-vitro proliferation inhibition activity experiments are carried out on the synthesized gold complex, and results show that the synthesized gold complex has generally better in-vitro activity than ligands of the synthesized gold complex, shows very good inhibition activity, has little toxic effect on human normal cells, and is suitable for preparing high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-tumor drugs.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a corrosion-resisting type magnesium alloy surface ceramic membrane material and belongs to the technical field of ceramic membranes. According to thetechnical scheme, o-vanillin and amine are subjected to condensation reaction to generate one type of Schiff base; the o-vanillin provides oxygen with a very strong coordination capability, so that aligand compound with more abundant structures and more types can be obtained. Rare earth ions have unique chemical properties and the amino acid type Schiff base has a plurality of coordination atomsincluding nitrogen, oxygen and the like; a complexing agent material prepared by extraction and calcium ions are combined to form colloid, so that on one hand, the electrical conductivity of electrolyte is improved; on the other hand, the calcium ions move toward the surface of a metal anode test sample; the calcium ions are complexed so that a condition that the calcium ions form calcium hydroxide or uneasy-to-dissolve calcium salt in an alkaline solution is avoided; an electric field environment adjacent to an anode is improved; a single-time breakdown surface is enlarged and the pore density is reduced, so that the corrosion-resisting performance of the ceramic membrane material is effectively improved.

The invention relates to a method for compounding BNC 105, which uses o-vanillin and 3,4,5- trimethoxy-benzaldehyde as starting materials. The o-vanillin is subjected to hydroxy protection and aldehyde oxidation to be hydrolyzed into phenol, and the phenol is subjected to iodination to generate o-iodophenol intermediates. The 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzaldehyde is subjected to nucleophilic addition and oxidation to generate acetylenic ketone intermediates. The acetylenic ketone intermediates and the o-iodophenol intermediates are processed to obtain the BNC 105 through Michael addition, free-radical ring closing and deprotection. The method for compounding the BNC 105 is low in cost of raw materials, easy to obtain the raw materials, mild in reaction conditions and simple and feasible in operation, and is suitable for commercial process.

The invention provides ibuprofen-loaded o-vanillin composite particles and a preparation method thereof. The composite particles are spherical composite particles, and the mass ratio of ibuprofen to o-vanillin in the composite particles is (0.05-4.50):1. The ibuprofen-loaded o-vanillin composite particles have good uniformity and fluidity, and the spherical particles are not prone to coalescence, so that the ibuprofen-loaded o-vanillin composite particles have good stability in the storage and transportation process; the ibuprofen-loaded o-vanillin composite particles have the effects of resisting bacteria, resisting inflammation, bringing down a fever and the like, and the milk-flavored o-vanillin can reduce the bitter taste of the oral ibuprofen particles to a certain extent; the preparation method is simple, low in energy consumption and high in efficiency, only water is used as a solvent, the raw materials are single and environmentally friendly, industrialization can be achieved, and the economic input is low.

The invention provides a fluorescent probe for identifying aluminum ions and its preparation method and application. The molecular formula of the fluorescent probe is C 24 h 25 N 2 o 3 , the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding (1R, 2R)-cyclohexanediamine and dehydrated ethanol successively to a three-neck flask under N2 protection, and then adding o-vanillin to adjust the pH of the solution to pH=4~4 After 5, spin dry under vacuum to obtain a light yellow solid, and dissolve it in 100 mL of distilled water, wash with dichloromethane three times to obtain a yellow aqueous solution, slowly add ammonia water dropwise to pH = 9-10, wash with distilled water three times, and collect Dichloro, vacuum-dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate to obtain yellow semi-body compound A, then add compound A and anhydrous methanol to the three-necked flask in turn, then dissolve 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde in methanol solution and add to it , continue the reaction at room temperature and then spin dry until a solid is produced. The solid is washed with methanol three times to obtain a fluorescent probe. This method is simple, fast, easy to operate, and has good selectivity and high sensitivity.

The invention relates to a bis-o-vanillin ethylene diamine schiff base and transitional metal coordination compound and a preparation method thereof, which can solve the problem of the application of a coordination compound prepared by compounding bis-o-vanillin ethylene diamine schiff base serving as a ligand and a transitional metal to a medicament for treating diabetes. The coordination compound is the bis-o-vanillin ethylene diamine schiff base and transitional metal coordination compound prepared by compounding the bis-o-vanillin ethylene diamine schiff base with the transitional metal. The preparation method of the coordination compound comprises the following steps of: dissolving one of 0.02 to 0.03mol of transitional metal vanadium, 0.02 to 0.03mol of cadmium salt or 0.02 to 0.03mol of copper salt and 0.02mol of bis-o-vanillin ethylene diamine schiff base by using 3 to 5mL of methanol or mixed solution of 3 to 5mL of methanol and N,N-dimethyl formamide in the volume ratio of 1:6 respectively; slowly and uniformly mixing; filtering the mixed liquor; diluting the obtained filtrate to 8mL by using methanol; and standing at the temperature of between 18 and 25 DEG C for 5 to 30 days to obtain the coordination compound. The coordination compound has a simple preparation method, can be effectively used for preparing the medicament for treating the diabetes and is an innovation of the medicament for treating the diabetes.

The invention discloses printing ink. The printing ink is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of epoxy resin, 10-20 parts of polyurethane resin, 15-20 parts of polyamide resin, 10-15 parts of alcohol / waterborne acrylic resin, 5-10 parts of acrylic resin, 10-15 parts of black pigment or color pigment, 50-60 parts of solvent, 2-5 parts of viscosity modifier, 2-4 parts of dispersant, 2-3 parts of anti-settling agent, 0.5-1 part of antioxidant BHT, 1.5-2 parts of red dry oil, 0.5-1 part of paste dryer, 1-2 parts of magnet, 2-4 parts of hydrotalcite, 0.5-1 part of o-vanillin alanine schiff base, 1-1.5 parts of phenyl salicylate, 0.5-1 part of tribasic lead sulfate hydrate, 1-1.5 parts of polyoxy ethylene nonyl phenyl ether and 15-25 parts of deionized water. The printing ink disclosed by the invention is non-toxic and odorless and basically does no harm to a human body; further, is high in surface glossiness, and has good transparency and water resistance.

The invention discloses a preparation method for a monomolecular magnet [Co4(hmb)4(mu3-OMe)4(MeOH)4]. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) dissolving 0.3-0.4 g of analytically pure Co(ClO4)2.6H2O and 0.1-0.3 g of analytically pure o-vanillin in 8-12 ml of mixed solution of absolute methanol and analytically pure acetonitrile in volumetric ratio of 1:1; (2) slowly adding analytically pure triethylamine or analytically pure sodium hydroxide into the solution prepared in the step (1), continuously stirring, and adjusting the pH value to be 8-9; and (3) transferring the solution prepared in the step (2) into a reaction kettle of polytetrafluoroethylene, reacting at the temperature of 70-90 DEG C for 60-80 hours, cooling to room temperature, opening the kettle, filtering, and washing with the mixed solution of the absolute methanol and the analytically pure acetonitrile in volumetric ratio of 1:1. The method overcomes the defect of poor repeatability of a solution method, and has the advantages of simple process, low cost, easiness in control over chemical components, superior repeatability, high yield and the like.

The invention belongs to the field of organic chemistry, and relates to a synthetic method of berberine hydrochloride, comprising: S1: N-[2-(3,4-dioxygen phenyl-5-yl)ethyl]-1-(5-halo-2,3-dimethoxybenzyl)methimine; S2: preparation of 2-(3,4-dioxy Phenyl)-N-(5-bromo-2,3-dimethoxybenzyl) ethylamine; S3: 2-(3,4-dioxyphenyl)-N-(5-bromo ‑2,3‑dimethoxybenzyl) ethylamine hydrochloride; S4: preparation of 12‑halogenated berberine derivatives; S5: preparation of berberine. The present invention gets rid of the constraints of using the by-product o-vanillin to synthesize o-veratraldehyde as a raw material, synthesizes 5-substituting o-veratraldehyde and piperonyl ethylamine, and uses the two to prepare berberine hydrochloride, which has the advantages of easy-to-obtain raw materials and mild reaction conditions , easy operation, high chemical yield, low cost and other advantages.

The invention discloses a method for preparing 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde by removing the methyl group of o-vanillin, comprising the following steps: in an organic solvent, in the presence of aluminum trichloride and iodide, O-vanillin undergoes an ether bond cleavage reaction at a temperature of -20°C to reflux to generate 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. The method has mild conditions, simple operation and high yield.

The invention discloses a method for preparing 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde by removing methyl of o-vanillin. The method comprises the following steps: in an organic solvent, in the presence of aluminumtrichloride and an iodide, the o-vanillin is subjected to an ether bond cleavage reaction at temperature of -20 DEG C to reflux temperature to form the 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. The method disclosedby the invention has mild conditions, is simple to operate and has a high yield.

The invention discloses a preparation method of ion selective electrode capable of measuring trace chromium (III). Schiff base derived from o-vanillin and 4-aminoatipyrine is synthesized by o-vanillin and 4-aminoatipyrine and used as neutral carrier and mixed with carbon powder and liquid paraffin is used as adhesive, therefore the chromium (III) ion selective electrode with Nernst response is prepared. The Nernst response concentration range of the ion electrode to Cr 3+ is 1.00*10-6-1.00*10-2 mol / L at room temperature and gradient is 19.40 mV / dec, the detection lower-limit is 1.58*10-7 mol / L. The response time of electrode is less than 45s, the p H application range is 3.3-5.6, with good stability and long service life. The ion electrode has good selectivity to Cr 3+. The ion electrode is used for measuring the Cr 3+ in industry waste water.