87 results about "Bond cleavage" patented technology

Compositions and methods for modulating the activity of RNA and DNA are disclosed. In accordance with preferred embodiments, antisense compositions are prepared comprising targeting and reactive portions. Reactive portions which act, alternatively, through phosphorodiester bond cleavage, through backbone sugar bond cleavage or through base modification are preferrably employed. Groups which improve the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the oligonucleotides are also useful in accordance with certain embodiments of this invention. Delivery of the reactive or non-reactive functionalities into the minor groove formed by the hybridization of the composition with the target RNA is also preferrably accomplished. Therapeutics, diagnostics and research methods and also disclosed. Synthetic nucleosides and nucleoside fragments are also provided useful for elaboration of oligonucleotides and oligonucleotide analogs for such purposes.

The present invention relates to the detection of a target nucleic acid sequence by a PCEC (PTO Cleavage and Extension-Dependent Cleavage) assay. The present invention is characterized by generating a cleavage site for a nucleolytic enzyme on the extended duplex of which the formation is dependent on the presence of a target nucleic acid sequence. The present investion detects the occurrence of the cleavage of the extended duplex, thereby determining the presence of the target nucleic acid sequence.

Organoboronic acids, for example Cbz-(R)-Phe-(S)-Pro-(R)-Mpg-B(OH)2, are made by hydrolysing their diethanolamine adducts under conditions which avoid substantial C—B bond breakage. The product acids are substantially free of degradation product derived from cleavage of the C—B bond thereof. The acids are used to make base addition salts thereof. The salts are formulated into anti-thrombotic pharmaceutical formulations.

A method and system for calculating the free energy difference between a target state and a reference state. The method includes determining one or more intermediate states using a coupling parameter, performing molecular simulations to obtain ensembles of micro-states for each of the system states, and calculating the free energy difference by an analysis of the ensembles of micro-states of the system states. The method can be particularly suited for calculating physical or non-physical transformation of molecular systems such as ring-opening, ring-closing, and other transformations involving bond breaking and / or formation. A soft bond potential dependent on a bond stretching component of the coupling parameter and different from the conventional harmonic potential is used in the molecular simulations of the system states for the bond being broken or formed during the transformation.

Disclosed is a highly sensitive photothermographic material containing on a support a silver salt of an organic acid, a photosensitive silver halide, a reducing agent, a binder and, for example, a compound of which one-electron oxidized derivative produced by one electron oxidation of the compound is capable of releasing two or more electrons with a bond cleavage.

The present invention relates to methods of employing a metal-organic framework (MOF) as a catalyst for cleaving chemical bonds. In particular instances, the MOF results in selective bond cleavage that results in hydrogenolyzis. Furthermore, the MOF catalyst can be reused in multiple cycles. Such MOF-based catalysts can be useful, e.g., to convert biomass components.

Disclosed is a highly sensitive photothermographic material containing on a support a silver salt of an organic acid, a photosensitive silver halide, a reducing agent, a binder and, for example, a compound of which one-electron oxidized derivative produced by one electron oxidation of the compound is capable of releasing two or more electrons with a bond cleavage.

The invention relates to an N-rGO loaded copper-nickel bimetallic monatomic catalyst as well as a preparation and application thereof. The catalyst comprises a carrier N-rGO and copper and nickel which are loaded on the carrier and have the radius smaller than that of the carrier, and the preparation method comprises the following steps of 1) mixing graphene and hydrochloric acid, and then addinganiline; 2) adding a (NH4) 2S2O8 solution, mixing, filtering, drying and roasting to obtain the N-rGO; 3) adding the N-rGO into water, and adding a Na2CO3 solution to obtain a second turbid liquid; 4)mixing the mixed aqueous solution of copper nitrate and nickel nitrate with the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to obtain a mixed solution; and 5) adding the mixed solution into the second turbidliquid, and sequentially mixing, filtering, drying and roasting to obtain the catalyst. The catalyst is used for the selective C-S bond cleavage reaction of 4, 6-DMDBT in the catalytic cracking fuel.Compared with the prior art, the catalyst disclosed by the invention is high in reaction activity, simple in preparation process and outstanding in desulfurization effect on the compounds, such as 4,6-DMDBT, etc., in the fuel oil.

A silver halide photosensitive material containing a compound selected from Types 1-4 below which is capable of undergoing a one-electron oxidation to form a one-electron oxidation product (OEOP), and a reducing compound (Type 1) the OEOP is capable of releasing further two or more electrons accompanying a subsequent bond cleavage reaction, (Type 2) the OEOP is capable of releasing further one electron accompanying a subsequent bond cleavage reaction, and the compound having, in its molecule, two or more groups adsorptive to silver halide, (Type 3) the OEOP is capable of releasing further one or more electrons after going through a subsequent bond forming process, and (Type 4) the OEOP is capable of releasing further one or more electrons after going through a subsequent intramolecular ring cleavage reaction.

Methods of modifying, repairing, attenuating and inactivating a gene or other chromosomal DNA in a cell are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of treating or prophylaxis of a genetic disease in an individual in need thereof. Further disclosed are chimeric restriction endonucleases.

To provide a method of producing a polyoxyalkylene-modified polysiloxane composition that is free of acid-mediated carbon-oxygen bond and silicon-oxygen bond cleavage, that is substantially deodorized and also does not generate odor with elapsed time, and that is therefore well suited for use in cosmetic applications, e.g., for hair cosmetics, skin cosmetics, and so forth. A production method of this invention is characterized by removing the odor-causing substance from a polyoxyalkylene-modified polysiloxane composition that has been synthesized by a hydrosilylation reaction, by subjecting the polyoxyalkylene-modified polysiloxane composition to a hydrolysis treatment in the presence of an acidic inorganic salt that is a solid at 25° C. and gives a specific pH at 25° C. in aqueous solution; for example, potassium hydrogensulfate.

We have designed a molecular switch based on the photoinduced opening and thermal closing of a [1,3]oxazine ring. A substituted [1,3]oxazine compound described as having a general (i.e., unsubstituted) structure with fused indoline and benzooxazine fragments such that they share a common bond in the [1,3]oxazine compound: (i) the bond connecting positions 1 and 2 of the indoline fragment and (ii) the bond connecting positions 2 and 3 of the benzooxazine fragment. Irradiation by light of suitable wavelength and intensity of this photochromic compound induces cleavage of a [C—O] bond of the [1,3]oxazine ring to form a phenolate chromophore. The photogenerated (e.g., colored) isomer may revert thermally to the starting (e.g., colorless) oxazine. Alternatively, the switch may be between isomers of the compound that absorb at different wavelengths. Reversible coloration of silica or polymeric materials and switching optical signals may involve many cycles of interconversion between different colored states. A colorless / colored state may be maintained by constant irradiation or chemical trapping.

A silver halide color photosensitive material comprises a blue-sensitive layer, a green-sensitive layer, a red-sensitive layer and a non-light-sensitive layer on a support. The silver halide color photosensitive material contains a compound selected from the following type 1 and type 2 compounds, and wherein the blue-sensitive layer meets the relationship of the following formula (I): SB(370 nm) / SB(420 nm)<0.7  (I) wherein SB(λ) represents a spectral sensitivity at a wavelength of λ, (type 1) a compound capable of undergoing a one-electron oxidation to thereby form a one-electron oxidation product thereof, wherein the one-electron oxidation product is capable of releasing further one or more electrons accompanying a subsequent bond cleavage reaction, and (type 2) a compound capable of undergoing a one-electron oxidation to thereby form a one-electron oxidation product thereof, wherein the one-electron oxidation product is capable of releasing further one or more electrons accompanying a subsequent bond-forming reaction.

This invention provides a photographic element comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer in which the silver halide is sensitized with a compound of the formula (a):wherein DELTA is protective group that is eliminated during development of the photographic element, t is a timing group, m is an integer from 0 to 3, and XY' is a fragmentable electron donor moiety in which X is an electron donor group and Y' is a leaving proton H or a leaving group Y, with the proviso that if Y' is a proton, a base, beta-, is present in the emulsion or is covalently linked directly or indirectly to X, and wherein:1) X-Y' has an oxidation potential between 0 and about 1.4 V;2) the oxidized form of X-Y' undergoes a bond cleavage reaction to give the radical X. and the leaving fragment Y', and3) the radical X. has an oxidation potential <=-0.7V.

A method to cleave C—C and C—O bonds in β-O-4 linkages in lignin or lignin sub-units is described. The method includes oxidizing at least a portion of secondary benzylic alcohol groups in β-O-4 linkages in the lignin or lignin sub-unit to corresponding ketones and then leaving C—O or C—C bonds in the oxidized lignin or lignin sub-unit by reacting it with an organic carboxylic acid, a salt of an organic carboxylic acids, and / or an ester of an organic carboxylic acids. The method may utilize a metal or metal-containing reagent or proceed without the metal or metal-containing reagent.

The invention discloses a preparation method for a 2,3-disubstituted benzo-gamma-pyrone derivative. The 2,3-disubstituted benzo-gamma-pyrone derivative is prepared by one-step reaction of substituted alkynone with quinoline oxynitride; the reaction process comprises intermolecular regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, an N-O bond cleavage reaction and then molecular oxyarylation; so the 2,3-disubstituted benzo-gamma-pyrone derivative is prepared through the one-pot method. The method of the invention has the advantages of easy availability of raw materials, high yield, mild reaction conditions, moderate reaction time, wide substrate scope, strong reaction specificity, simple post-treatment and environmental friendliness.

The invention belongs to the field of organic chemistry and relates to a polysubstituted decalin compound, and a synthesis method and an application thereof. The structural formula of the polysubstituted decalin compound is shown above. The preparation of the polysubstituted decalin compound includes septs as follows: AB fragment which is obtained by the c-bond cleavage of an oleanane type or an ursolic alkane type pentacyclic triterpenoid compound is treated with different reduction methods to obtain a compound 2 or 3. The polysubstituted decalin compound of the invention is used to synthesize the medicine or the apice and the analogues which contain the structural fragment of the polysubstituted decalin. The invention has the advantages of simplicity, practicability, low cost, high yield and being capable of industrialization.

The invention provides a new bioorthogonal deprotection method for preparing heterocyclic compounds by bond cleavage using palladium. The methods have general application in the field of biological synthetic chemistry. Compounds, such as prodrugs, which are useful in such methods are also provided.

The invention discloses a method for preparing aldehyde / ketone by breaking a C-C bond, which comprises the following step of: in an organic solvent system under an anaerobic condition, by taking alcohol as a reaction raw material, selectively breaking a C-C bond under the combined action of an iron catalyst, organic alkali and an additive to obtain aldehyde / ketone. According to the method, the alcohol and the iron catalyst are cheap and easy to obtain, the substrate range is wide, post-treatment is simple, the yield and purity of the product are high, a new synthesis route and method are developed for aldehyde and ketone compounds, and the method has good application potential and research value.

The invention provides a preparation method of an organic titanium precursor polymer TPP-I (Triphenyl Phosphate) and the application thereof in electrostatic conductive coatings and belongs to the technical field of preparation and application of new materials. The preparation method of the organic titanium precursor polymer TPP-I includes the steps of placing a mixture of titanium hydride powder,epoxy resin, nanodispersant, titanate coupling agents, silane coupling agents and solvent in a ball mill reaction tank for ball milling reaction under ultrasonic conditions, allowing titanium powderto initiate the chemical bond of the polymer and the lattice bond cleavage on the surface of titanium nanoparticles during a nanocrystallization process, producing ions or groups of extremely high surface activity, degrading polymers into small molecular oligomers that can conduct graft polymerization at high temperatures and pressures, realizing molecular structure reforming and obtaining the organic titanium precursor polymer TPP-I. The organic titanium precursor polymer TPP-I can be used for preparing primers and topcoat for the electrostatic conductive coatings.

The invention relates to a method for preparing aromatic acid through oxidation reaction of 1, 2, 3-grade alkyl substituted aromatic compounds under iron catalysis. The method comprises the following steps: under the action of an iron compound, providing proper temperature and / or light energy, and in the presence of an oxidant and / or an additive, carrying out C-C bond breakage on benzyl positions of aromatic compounds in a solvent to realize selective oxidation so as to obtain a corresponding oxidation compound ketone or acid. According to the invention, C-C bond rupture and oxidation are directly and selectively carried out on the benzyl position of the aromatic compound, so that the method has the advantages of simple reaction, simple operation, mild oxidation condition, high atom economy, high reaction yield, easy separation and purification of the product, suitability for synthesis of benzoic acid derivative compounds, and the like; air can be directly used as an oxidizing agent, so that use of a large amount of heavy metal salt is avoided, and the method is very attractive in industrial production; and the method has very large application potential in the fields of metal catalysis, chemical synthesis and the like by using cheap metal for reaction.

The invention discloses a process capable of treating clean spray paint wastewater. First, H2O2+FeSO4 reagents are used to pretreat paint spray wastewater, and then PAM and PAC are added to coagulate and precipitate it. After these two steps of treatment, the effluent further enters the biochemical process. Treatment system, when the pH is low, H2O is decomposed by ferric ions to generate hydroxyl groups with strong oxidizing ability. Through the reaction of hydroxyl groups with strong oxidizing ability and organic matter, the refractory organic matter in the wastewater is oxidized, and the organic matter in the wastewater The C-C bond of the C-C bond breaks, and finally decomposes into H2O and CO2, and reduces CODcr, or couples or oxidizes, changes its electron cloud density and structure, and forms intermediate products with less molecular weight, thereby changing their solubility and mixing. At the same time, Fe2+ is oxidized to Fe(OH)3, and the effluent further removes pollutants through subsequent coagulation sedimentation and biochemical treatment to achieve the purpose of purification. This process makes the treatment of spray paint sewage clean, meets the discharge requirements, and protects the environmental safety.

The invention relates to a preparation method of pyrimidine dione compounds. According to the preparation method, the pyrimidine dione compounds are efficiently synthesized in a solvent by taking cyclic oxime ester compounds and isocyan compounds as reaction raw materials under the protection of inert gases and the catalytic action of univalent silver compounds. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of low price of the raw materials, easy obtaining of the raw materials, short steps, high atom economy (100%) and mild reaction conditions, and can realize large-scale industrial application; by using cyclic oxime ester N-O bond cleavage, the pyrimidine dione compounds are efficiently constructed in one step. The breakthrough progress in chemical synthesis of a system is realized, and the deep expansion of pharmaceutical chemistry studies related to the system is promoted.

A method and system for calculating the free energy difference between a target state and a reference state. The method includes determining one or more intermediate states using a coupling parameter, performing molecular simulations to obtain ensembles of micro-states for each of the system states, and calculating the free energy difference by an analysis of the ensembles of micro-states of the system states. The method can be particularly suited for calculating physical or non-physical transformation of molecular systems such as ring-opening, ring-closing, and other transformations involving bond breaking and / or formation. A soft bond potential dependent on a bond stretching component of the coupling parameter and different from the conventional harmonic potential is used in the molecular simulations of the system states for the bond being broken or formed during the transformation.

The present invention provides a black and white photothermographic material having, on a support, an image forming layer including at least a photosensitive silver halide, a non-photosensitive organic silver salt, and a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R101, R102, R104, and R105 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; R103 represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, an acylamino group, or a sulfonylamino group; and P represents a group forming a phenol compound represented by formula (2) by cleavage of the O—P bond at the time of thermal development.

Disclosed is a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a support, which contains a compound of which one-electron oxidized derivative produced by one electron oxidation of the compound is capable of releasing two or more electrons with a bond cleavage and has a characteristic curve drawn in orthogonal coordinates of logarithm of light exposure (x-axis) and optical density (y-axis) using equal unit lengths for the both axes, on which gamma is 5.0 or more for the optical density range of 0.3-3.0. This silver halide photographic light-sensitive material shows high contrast and high sensitivity.

The invention provides a safe synthesis method of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, wherein the safe synthesis method comprises the steps: based on the isomerism characteristics of 1,3,5-cyclohexyltriketone imine and 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, taking 1,3,5-cyclohexyltriketone as a reaction raw material, and preparing N,N',N''-triacetyl-1,3,5-triaminobenzene through a trioximation reaction, an N-O bond cleavage-isomerism reaction and an N-acylation reaction; and taking N,N',N''-triacetyl-1,3,5-triaminobenzene as a raw material, and preparing TATB through a multi-stage one-pot tri-nitration reaction. The method has the significant characteristic of the multi-stage one-pot tri-nitration reaction, so that the amination step of an explosive multi-nitro-compound is avoided so as to substantially improve the safety, the used reactants or the used catalyst is the common product in the chemical industry, the use of a non-degradable organic solvent is avoided, the green and safe synthesis is achieved; and meanwhile, on the basis of the characteristics of a one-pot method, the operation process is simplified, operations such as separation, purification and collection of an intermediate product are avoided, and large-scale preparation of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene is facilitated.