3975 results about "Reduction methods" patented technology

A system for efficient delivery of radio frequency (RF) energy to cardiac tissue with an ablation catheter used in catheter ablation, with new concepts regarding the interaction between RF energy and biological tissue. In addition, new insights into methods for coagulum reduction during RF ablation will be presented, and a quantitative model for ascertaining the propensity for coagulum formation during RF ablation will be introduced. Effective practical techniques a represented for multichannel simultaneous RF energy delivery with real-time calculation of the Coagulum Index, which estimates the probability of coagulum formation. This information is used in a feedback and control algorithm which effectively reduces the probability of coagulum formation during ablation. For each ablation channel, electrical coupling delivers an RF electrical current through an ablation electrode of the ablation catheter and a temperature sensor is positioned relative to the ablation electrode for measuring the temperature of cardiac tissue in contact with the ablation electrode. A current sensor is provided within each channel circuitry for measuring the current delivered through said electrical coupling and an information processor and RF output controller coupled to said temperature sensor and said current sensor for estimating the likelihood of coagulum formation. When this functionality is propagated simultaneously through multiple ablation channels, the resulting linear or curvilinear lesion is deeper with less gaps. Hence, the clinical result is improved due to improved lesion integrity.

Methods for forming an ultra thin structure. The method includes a polymer deposition and etching process. In one embodiment, the methods may be utilized to form fabricate submicron structure having a critical dimension less than 30 nm and beyond. The method further includes a multiple etching processes. The processes may be varied to meet different process requirements. In one embodiment, the process gently etches the substrate while shrinking critical dimension of the structures formed within the substrate. The dimension of the structures may be shank by coating a photoresist like polymer to sidewalls of the formed structure, but substantially no polymer accumulation on the bottom surface of the formed structure on the substrate. The embodiments described herein also provide high selectivity in between each layers formed on the substrate during the fabricating process and preserving a good control of profile formed within the structure.

A latency reduction method for read operations of an array of N solid-state storage devices having n solid-state storage devices for data storage and p solid-state storage devices for storing parity data is provided. Utilizing the parity generation engine fault tolerance for a loss of valid data from at least two of the N solid-state storage devices, the integrity of the data is determined when N−1 of the solid-state storage devices have completed executing a read command. If the data is determined to be valid, the missing data of the Nth solid-state storage device is reconstructed and the data transmitted to the requesting processor. By that arrangement the time necessary for the Nth solid-state storage device to complete execution of the read command is saved, thereby improving the performance of the solid-state memory system.

The invention relates to a method of activating an optical communication system comprising a plurality of optical amplifiers having an optical amplifier, between optical transmission lines in which wavelength-division multiplex optical signals are transmitted. The method comprises steps of: generating a desired slope in a desired wavelength range of a gain wavelength curve of the optical amplifier; adjusting an output of the optical amplifier to a desired output level; performing the above two steps in a plurality of optical repeater stations, the steps being carried out in sequence from the first to the last optical repeater stations; and adjusting a level in each optical signal in the wavelength-division multiplex optical signal so as to have substantially constant optical signal-to-noise ratios in the optical signals to be received. Activating the optical communication system according to this procedure allows proper execution of gain slope compensation, output control, and pre-emphasis control.

A fully automated package identification and measuring system, in which an omni-directional holographic scanning tunnel is used to read bar codes on packages entering the tunnel, while a package dimensioning subsystem is used to capture information about the package prior to entry into the tunnel. Mathematical models are created on a real-time basis for the geometry of the package and the position of the laser scanning beam used to read the bar code symbol thereon. The mathematical models are analyzed to determine if collected and queued package identification data is spatially and / or temporally correlated with package measurement data using vector-based ray-tracing methods, homogeneous transformations, and object-oriented decision logic so as to enable simultaneous tracking of multiple packages being transported through the scanning tunnel.

A fully automated package identification and measuring system, in which an omni-directional holographic scanning tunnel is used to read bar codes on packages entering the tunnel, while a package dimensioning subsystem is used to capture information about the package prior to entry into the tunnel. Mathematical models are created on a real-time basis for the geometry of the package and the position of the laser scanning beam used to read the bar code symbol thereon. The mathematical models are analyzed to determine if collected and queued package identification data is spatially and / or temporally correlated with package measurement data using vector-based ray-tracing methods, homogeneous transformations, and object-oriented decision logic so as to enable simultaneous tracking of multiple packages being transported through the scanning tunnel.

Methods and apparatus for reducing the content of nitrogen oxides in the flue gases produced by the combustion of fuel gas and combustion air introduced into a burner connected to a furnace are provided. The methods basically comprise the steps of conducting the combustion air to the burner, providing a chamber outside of the burner and furnace for mixing flue gases from the furnace with the fuel gas, discharging the fuel gas in the form of a fuel jet into the mixing chamber so that flue gases from the furnace are drawn into the chamber and mixed with and dilute the fuel gas therein and conducting the resulting mixture of flue gases and fuel gas to the burner wherein the mixture is combined with the combustion air and burned in the furnace.

A method for crest factor reduction of a multi-carrier signal is disclosed. The method comprises determining a plurality of signal values of a plurality of single-carrier signals prior to combining the plurality of single-carrier signals to form the multi-carrier signal. The method further comprises performing a joint potential peak detection on the plurality of signal values, producing a temporal position of a possible peak in the multi-carrier signal, generating a plurality of cancellation pulses, and injecting the plurality of cancellation pulses to the plurality of single-carrier signals at temporal injection positions which correspond to the temporal position of the possible peak in the multi-carrier signal. The single-carrier signals are then combined to form a crest factor reduced multi-carrier signal. A corresponding circuit and corresponding computer program product useable during manufacture and operation are also disclosed.

The invention provides a porous silicon carbon composite microsphere with a yolk-eggshell structure and a preparation method therefor, and belongs to the lithium ion battery electrode material technology field. The porous silicon carbon composite microsphere takes a porous submicron silicon sphere mpSi as a core with a diameter of 400-900 nm, and takes porous carbon mpC as a shell with a thickness of 10-60 nm. The inner diameter of a cavity Void is 800-1400 nm. The composition of the silicon carbon composite microsphere can be described as mpSi@Void@mpC. In addition, In the preparation method, cheap silicon dioxide is taken as a silicon source, silicon dioxide is conversed into silicon materials with electrochemical activities through a magnesiothermic reduction method. The size of gaps can be regulated and controlled through control of etching conditions. The preparation method is advantaged in that the material structure can be controlled, the cost is low, the process is simple, and the composite microsphere is convenient for large-scale production.

A method of reducing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) where a starting material containing HMF in a solvent comprising water is provided. H2 is provided into the reactor and the starting material is contacted with a catalyst containing at least one metal selected from Ni, Co, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ru, Ir, Re and Rh, at a temperature of less than or equal to 250° C. A method of hydrogenating HMF includes providing an aqueous solution containing HMF and fructose. H2 and a hydrogenation catalyst are provided. The HMF is selectively hydrogenated relative to the fructose at a temperature at or above 30° C. A method of producing tetrahydrofuran dimethanol (THFDM) includes providing a continuous flow reactor having first and second catalysts and providing a feed comprising HMF into the reactor. The feed is contacted with the first catalyst to produce furan dimethanol (FDM) which is contacted with the second catalyst to produce THFDM.

Methods and apparatus for reducing the content of nitrogen oxides in the flue gases produced by the combustion of fuel gas and combustion air introduced into a burner connected to a furnace are provided. The methods basically comprise the steps of conducting the combustion air to the burner, providing a chamber outside of the burner and furnace for mixing flue gases from the furnace with the fuel gas, discharging the fuel gas in the form of a fuel jet into the mixing chamber so that flue gases from the furnace are drawn into the chamber and mixed with and dilute the fuel gas therein and conducting the resulting mixture of flue gases and fuel gas to the burner wherein the mixture is combined with the combustion air and burned in the furnace.

Selective gas-reducing methods for making shape-defined metal-based nanoparticles. By avoiding the use of solid or liquid reducing reagents, the gas reducing reagent can be used to make shape well-defined metal- and metal alloy-based nanoparticles without producing contaminates in solution. Therefore, the post-synthesis process including surface treatment become simple or unnecessary. Weak capping reagents can be used for preventing nanoparticles from aggregation, which makes the further removing the capping reagents easier. The selective gas-reducing technique represents a new concept for shape control of nanoparticles, which is based on the concepts of tuning the reducing rate of the different facets. This technique can be used to produce morphology-controlled nanoparticles from nanometer- to submicron- to micron-sized scale. The Pt-based nanoparticles show improved catalytic properties (e.g., activity and durability).

Methods and apparatus are provided for reducing torque ripple in a permanent magnet motor system comprising a permanent magnet motor coupled to an inverter. The method comprises the steps of receiving a torque command, generating a torque ripple reduction signal in response to the torque command, modifying operational control signals in response to the torque ripple reduction signal to generate reduced ripple operational control signals, and providing the reduced ripple operational control signals to the inverter for control of the permanent magnet motor.

The invention discloses a graphene / molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) compound nano material lithium ion battery electrode and a preparation method thereof. The electrode comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75 to 85 percent of compound nano material serving as an active substance, of a graphene nano slice and MoS2, and 5 to 10 percent of acetylene black and 10 percent of polyvinylidene fluoride; and the mass ratio of the graphene nano slice to the MoS2 nano material in the compound nano material active substance is (1 to 1)-(4 to 1). The preparation method of the electrode comprises the following steps of: preparing an oxidized graphite nano slice by using graphite as a raw material by a chemical oxidization method; synthesizing by a one-step hydrothermal in-situ reduction method in the presence of the oxidized graphite nano slice to obtain a graphene nano slice / MoS2 compound nano material; and finally, preparing the electrode by using the graphene nano slice / MoS2 compound nano material as the active substance. The electrode has high electrochemical lithium storage reversible capacity and cyclic stabilization performance, and can be widely applied to new generation lithium ion batteries.

A gastric reduction pouch of a stomach is formed by gathering stomach tissue circumferentially from within the stomach to form a reduced diameter stomach section. A plurality of fasteners are deployed within the gathered stomach tissue to maintain the reduced diameter stomach portion. The gathering step may include folding the stomach tissue to produce a plurality of stomach tissue folds. A device is disclosed that is particularly adapted to permit such gastric reduction of a previously formed gastric reduction pouch.

In an XY address scanning-type imaging apparatus, such as a CMOS imaging apparatus, a high-speed shutter which is capable of reducing fluorescent-lamp flicker components and which is required for electronic camera-shake correction can be realized. When the vertical synchronization frequency is denoted as fv (Hz) and N is a positive integer, the shutter is set to N / 120 seconds when 120 / fv is an integer, and the shutter is set to N / 100 seconds when 100 / fv is an integer. In the NTSC system, when camera-shake correction is ON, the shutter speed is set to {fraction (1 / 120)} seconds, and when camera-shake correction is OFF, the shutter speed is set to {fraction (1 / 60)} seconds. In the PAL system, when camera-shake correction is ON, the shutter speed is set to {fraction (1 / 100)} seconds, and when camera-shake correction is OFF, the shutter speed is set to {fraction (1 / 50)} seconds. The same applies to the progressive system.

The invention discloses a pedestrian and vehicle detection method and system based on improved YOLOv3. According to the method, an improved YOLOv3 network based on Darknet-33 is adopted as a main network to extract features; the cross-layer fusion and reuse of multi-scale features in the backbone network are carried out by adopting a transmittable feature map scale reduction method; and then a feature pyramid network is constructed by adopting a scale amplification method. In the training stage, a K-means clustering method is used for clustering the training set, and the cross-to-parallel ratio of a prediction frame to a real frame is used as a similarity standard to select a priori frame; and then the BBox regression and the multi-label classification are performed according to the loss function. And in the detection stage, for all the detection frames, a non-maximum suppression method is adopted to remove redundant detection frames according to confidence scores and IOU values, and an optimal target object is predicted. According to the method, a feature extraction network Darknet-33 of feature map scale reduction fusion is adopted, a feature pyramid is constructed through feature map scale amplification migration fusion, and a priori frame is selected through clustering, so that the speed and precision of the pedestrian and vehicle detection can be improved.

A graphics processor may be operated in a reduced power mode to render frames at rate equal to or less than the rate at which frames are presented on an interconnected display. Graphics processor clock speeds are controlled to reduce the time during which the graphics processor is idle between rendering frames. The graphics processor clock speed may thus be slowed without impacting the quality of rendered images. At the same time the voltage applied to power the graphics processor may be reduced. Optionally, a back bias voltage may further be applied to the processor substrate to reduce power consumption. Clock speed and voltage levels may be adjusted using closed-loop control.

The invention provides a preparation method for three-dimensional porous graphene for a supercapacitor. The preparation method comprises steps as follows: ultrasonically dispersing graphene oxide; fully mixing with a strong alkali solution; pre-drying until a surface is humidified; then activating at a vacuum environment at 120 to 180 DEG C or in protective gas atmosphere at 180 to 1200 DEG C under a high temperature; and etching the surface of the graphene to obtain a three-dimensional porous structure through high-temperature strong alkali and stream, so as to improve a specific surface area of a graphene material. According to the preparation method, activated graphene oxide is reduced through chemical reduction and high-temperature reduction methods, so as to improve a performance of activated graphene. The activated graphene and an adhesive are mixed to prepare into electrode paste based on a certain mass ratio, and the electrode paste is loaded on a conductive current collector to prepare into a supercapacitor electrode, so that a degree of agglomeration of the graphene on a pole piece can be further reduced, and a high electrochemical performance can be obtained.

A method and system for equivalence checking of logical circuits using iterative circuit reduction and satisfiability techniques provide improved performance in computer-based verification and design tools. By intertwining a structural satisfiability solver and binary decision diagram functional circuit reduction method, computer-based tools can make more efficient use of memory and decrease computation time required to equivalence check large logical networks. Using the circuit reduction technique back-to-back with the simulation technique, optimum local and global circuit reduction are simultaneously achieved. By iterating between the structural and functional techniques, and adjusting the size of sub-networks being analyzed within a larger network, sub-networks can be reduced or eliminated, decreasing the amount of memory required to represent the next larger inclusive network.

A gastric reduction pouch of a stomach is formed by gathering stomach tissue circumferentially from within the stomach to form a reduced diameter stomach section. A plurality of fasteners are deployed within the gathered stomach tissue to maintain the reduced diameter stomach portion. The gathering step may include folding the stomach tissue to produce a plurality of stomach tissue folds.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a lithium ion battery anode / cathode material from reduced graphene oxide. The method comprises the following steps: performing ultrasonic dispersion on graphite oxide in an organic solvent, thereby obtaining a graphene oxide dispersion liquid; reducing by using an appropriate reducing agent or directly using a solvent, oxidizing graphene through oil bath backflow, a hydrothermal method or other reduction methods, thereby obtaining a reduced graphene oxide material containing part of oxygen-containing groups. When the prepared reduced graphene oxide material is used in a lithium ion battery anode material, a relatively high specific discharge capacity can be achieved, that is, is up to 280mAh / g, and good circulation stability and excellent rate performance are achieved. The prepared reduced graphene oxide material can be also used in a lithium ion battery cathode material, the specific discharge capacity can be kept being 900mAh / g and more than 900mAh / g after 100 rounds of charge / discharge circulation, and the circulation stability is relatively good. The method can be a significant study point of high-performance low-cost electrode materials of lithium ion batteries.

The present invention discloses a new type of extremely low-noise phase-frequency detector (PFD) 500, broadband from DC to multi-GHz RF frequencies for PLL synthesizer applications. Free of any feedback mechanisms, thus inherently fast, it operates close to transition frequency fT of IC processes or frequency limits of discrete mixers. The PFD 500 utilizes complex SSB conversion in both the in-phase and quadrature arms, delaying the in-phase arm in 530, beating the delayed signal 124 with the un-delayed quadrature signal 122 in mixer 126. The output 128 contains both the frequency difference and the phase difference information between the two signals 118 and 520, providing both the frequency-discrimination (FD) and the phase detection (PD) functions. Utilizing standard mixers the PFD 500 can achieve superior CNRs of 180 dBc / Hz at multi-GHz RF. Additionally, utilizing the FD / FM demodulation capability, the present invention improves phase noise of various signals and linearity of FM modulators.

Methods and systems for combustion dynamics reduction are provided. A combustion chamber may include a first premixer and a second premixer. Each premixer may include at least one fuel injector, at least one air inlet duct, and at least one vane pack for at least partially mixing the air from the air inlet duct or ducts and fuel from the fuel injector or injectors. Each vane pack may include a plurality of fuel orifices through which at least a portion of the fuel and at least a portion of the air may pass. The vane pack or packs of the first premixer may be positioned at a first axial position and the vane pack or packs of the second premixer may be positioned at a second axial position axially staggered with respect to the first axial position.

The invention discloses a real-time image compression and reduction method based on a plurality of palettes. The real-time image compression and reduction method comprises the following steps of: preassembling and fixing the palettes, cutting a source image into blocks with a fixed size, reading an RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color value of each pixel point of each block, then carrying out color space transformation on the color values, and carrying out statistics on color systems of the images by a color histogram based on main colors; then carrying out color value matching according to color system palettes corresponding to the color systems, and finding the best palette; then replacing the value of each pixel point of the image into an index number of the palettes, and carrying out recompression on the indexed data, thus reaching a higher compression rate; and in transmission on a network, only transmitting the indexed data after compression without transmitting palette data of the color systems, thus achieving the purpose of reducing transmission of data amount. A receiving end only needs to decompress the data, obtain the indexed data, then carry out image data reduction according to the palettes of the local color system and then display the data.

Method and apparatus for reconstructing new documents from a group of old ones by removing the existing redundant information. Redundant information (images, text paragraphs) from retrieved multimedia documents is removed. Each document consists of two main parts stored in different databases. The first part of a document represents text paragraphs, the second part consists of the images and drawings related with the text paragraphs. An information reduction methodology examines first the text paragraphs of each document related with a specific topic, and removes the redundant information, such as same or similar paragraphs, by keeping pointers useful for a future reconstruction of the original documents. The remaining text paragraphs and the set of points are used to compose the first version of a new document. The invention also examines all the images related with the set of original documents and removes the same or similar images while keeping pointers that could assist a future reconstruction of the original documents. The invention merges text-paragraphs and images and creates the first stage new document.

A secondary fuel delivery system for delivering a secondary stream of fuel and / or diluent to a secondary combustion zone located in the transition piece of a combustion engine, downstream of the engine primary combustion region is disclosed. The system includes a manifold formed integral to, and surrounding a portion of, the transition piece, a manifold inlet port, and a collection of injection nozzles. A flowsleeve augments fuel / diluent flow velocity and improves the system cooling effectiveness. Passive cooling elements, including effusion cooling holes located within the transition boundary and thermal-stress-dissipating gaps that resist thermal stress accumulation, provide supplemental heat dissipation in key areas. The system delivers a secondary fuel / diluent mixture to a secondary combustion zone located along the length of the transition piece, while reducing the impact of elevated vibration levels found within the transition piece and avoiding the heat dissipation difficulties often associated with traditional vibration reduction methods.

The invention relates to a design method for an integrated energy system with source-load-storage coordination and interaction. A lot of source-load output scenes are generated via Latin hypercube sampling, and a few of specific probability of planning scenes in which original scene characteristics are reserved are obtained via cluster analysis combined with a scene reduction method. An installedcost model and an operation cost model are established for each piece of equipment, an upper-level optimization model is optimized to minimize the sum of the annual investment conversion cost and theannual operation cost in different probability scenes, a lower-level optimization model is optimized to minimize the annual operation cost in different probability scenes a double-layer planning modelof the integrated energy system with source-load-storage coordination and interaction is established, and different reliable and safe operation constraints are met. The upper-level and lower-level optimization models are solved by an element model global optimization algorithm and a second-order conic optimization method respectively, solving is carried out by interactive iteration till convergence, and the installed capacity and optimal operation scheme of each piece of equipment of the integrated energy system are obtained by optimization. The method can be applied to capacity planning andoptimized design of the multiple energy complementary integrated energy system.