The invention discloses a method for preparing bioethanol by taking sodium alginate or algae as active ingredients. Fermentation culture medium taking sodium alginate as a carbon source can be adopted, or the fermentation culture medium taking algae treatment liquor as a carbon source can be adopted, the algae treatment liquor is obtained by adopting the following method: mixing algae powder with water, and sterilizing; mixing algae powder with citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, regulating the pH value to be neutral with NaOH solution, adding cellulase which is 10% of the mass of algae powder, performing enzymolysis so that the cellulase is inactivated; mixing algae powder with aqueous sulfuric acid solution, and hydrolyzing. The method for preparing bioethanol comprises the steps of: inoculating 5% Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain seed solution into a sterilized fermentation culture medium, multiplying, then performing airtight anaerobic fermentation for 5-7 days at 28-32DEG C; distilling the fermented liquid to obtain bioethanol. According to the method, the bioethanol can be produced by utilizing marine algae resources; therefore, the commercial crops of grains and the like can be saved, cultivated land cannot be occupied and fresh water resources cannot be consumed; remaining solids after fermentation can serve as organic fertilizers, and the algae utilization rate can be improved; the method is simple and easy, and absolutely capable of carrying out industrial production.