The invention discloses a detection method and device of stored grain biological hazards. The detection method of the stored grain biological hazards comprises the specific steps that S1, a moisture value RH, a temperature T and a carbon dioxide concentration value CO2 of a grain pile are collected, and the grain moisture content Mc and a stored grain microbial prediction value F are calculated; S2, whether CO2 is less than 1000ppm or not is judged, if so, the safety of stored grain is determined; if not, S3 is transferred; S3, whether RH is less than or equal to 65% or not is judged, if so, the existence of pest hazards is determined and pest alarming is carried out; if not, S4 is transferred; S4, whether the RH is less than or equal to 75% or not is judged, if so, S5 is transferred; if not, S6 is transferred; S5, whether T meets a temperature preset condition or not is judged, if so, ventilation alarming is carried out; if not, the S6 is transferred; and S6, the microbial hazard grade is judged based on F, the insect mold activity hazard grade is judged based on CO2, and the stored grain biological hazard grade is judged though comprehensive microbial hazard grade and insect moldactivity hazard grade and the corresponding alarming is carried out. The detection method can judge and alarm the stored grain biological hazards in time and accurately.