The invention provides a miniature high-current neutron generator. A three-electrode or four-electrode leading-out acceleration structure is employed. When the three-electrode leading-out accelerationstructure is employed, the neutron generator comprises an ion source, a plasma electrode, a vacuum cavity, a suppression electrode, a target electrode, a high-voltage feeding mechanism and a collimator, wherein the vacuum cavity is coaxially connected with the ion source and the plasma body, the suppression electrode and the target electrode are contained in the vacuum cavity, the high-voltage feeding mechanism is connected with the vacuum cavity, the collimator is embedded to a rear end cover of the vacuum cavity, the ion source, the plasma electrode and the vacuum cavity are connected withground, the suppression electrode and the target electrode are connected with negative high pressure, and the suppression electrode is arranged at negative bias relative to the target electrode. Whenthe four-electrode leading-out acceleration structure is employed, the neutron generator also comprises a leading-out electrode, the leading-out electrode is contained in the vacuum cavity, the voltage of the leading-out electrode is arranged between ground potential and negative high pressure of the target electrode, the target electrode is of a V-shaped structure, and a hot pipe or a fine passage mode is used for cooling. By the neutron generator, high-throughput and high-quality neutron beam conforming to demand can be provided for a mobile neutron camera device, a neutron treatment deviceand the like.