1027results about How to "Reduce variance" patented technology

A radiation shield and an assembly and a reactor including the radiation shield are disclosed. The radiation shield can be used to control heat flux from a susceptor heater assembly and thereby enable better control of temperatures across a surface of a substrate placed on a surface of the susceptor heater assembly.

A noise suppression device receives data representative of a noise-corrupted signal which contains a speech signal and a noise signal, divides the received data into data frames, and then passes the data frames through a pre-filter to remove a dc-component and the minimum phase aspect of the noise-corrupted signal. The noise suppression device appends adjacent data frames to eliminate boundary discontinuities, and applies fast Fourier transform to the appended data frames. A voice activity detector of the noise suppression device determines if the noise-corrupted signal contains the speech signal based on components in the time domain and the frequency domain. A smoothed Wiener filter of the noise suppression device filters the data frames in the frequency domain using different sizes of a window based on the existence of the speech signal. Filter coefficients used for Wiener filter are smoothed before filtering. The noise suppression device modifies magnitude of the time domain data based on the voicing information outputted from the voice activity detector.

In general, the present invention is directed to systems and methods for finding the position and shape of an object using video. The invention includes a system with a video camera coupled to a computer in which the computer is configured to automatically provide object segmentation and identification, object motion tracking (for moving objects), object position classification, and behavior identification. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may use background subtraction for object identification and tracking, probabilistic approach with expectation-maximization for tracking the motion detection and object classification, and decision tree classification for behavior identification. Thus, the present invention is capable of automatically monitoring a video image to identify, track and classify the actions of various objects and the object's movements within the image. The image may be provided in real time or from storage. The invention is particularly useful for monitoring and classifying animal behavior for testing drugs and genetic mutations, but may be used in any of a number of other surveillance applications.

Provided is a CMOS image sensor including a pinned photodiode and a transfer transistor. The CMOS image sensor includes: a substrate; a gate electrode disposed on the substrate and electrically isolated from the substrate by a gate insulating layer; a first floating region disposed in the substrate of one side of the gate electrode; a first impurity region for a photodiode disposed in the substrate of the other side of the gate electrode; a second floating region disposed in the substrate between the first impurity region for the photodiode and the gate electrode; and a second impurity region for the photodiode disposed in a surface portion of the substrate including the first impurity region for the photodiode and the second floating region.

The invention provides an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) trajectory tracking control method based on deep reinforcement learning, belonging to the field of deep reinforcement learning and intelligent control. The autonomous underwater vehicle trajectory tracking control method based on deep reinforcement learning includes the steps: defining an AUV trajectory tracking control problem; establishing a Markov decision-making process model of the AUV trajectory tracking problem; constructing a hybrid policy-evaluation network which consists of multiple policy networks and evaluation networks;and finally, solving the target policy of AUV trajectory tracking control by the constructed hybrid policy-evaluation network, for the multiple evaluation networks, evaluating the performance of eachevaluation network by defining an expected Bellman absolute error and updating only one evaluation network with the lowest performance at each time step, and for the multiple policy networks, randomly selecting one policy network at each time step and using a deterministic policy gradient to update, so that the finally learned policy is the mean value of all the policy networks. The autonomous underwater vehicle trajectory tracking control method based on deep reinforcement learning is not easy to be influenced by the bad AUV historical tracking trajectory, and has high precision.

A control system and method for controlling a system, which employs a data set representing a plurality of states and associated trajectories of an environment of the system; and which iteratively determines an estimate of an optimal control policy for the system. The iterative process performs the substeps, until convergence, of estimating a long term value for operation at a respective state of the environment over a series of predicted future environmental states; using a complex return of the data set to determine a bound to improve the estimated long term value; and producing an updated estimate of an optimal control policy dependent on the improved estimate of the long term value. The control system may produce an output signal to control the system directly, or output the optimized control policy. The system preferably is a reinforcement learning system which continually improves.

Probabilistic arbitration is combined with distance-based weights to achieve equality of service in interconnection networks, such as those used with chip multiprocessors. This arbitration desirably used incorporates nonlinear weights that are assigned to requests. The nonlinear weights incorporate different arbitration weight metrics, namely fixed weight, constantly increasing weight, and variably increasing weight. Probabilistic arbitration for an on-chip router avoids the need for additional buffers or virtual channels, creating a simple, low-cost mechanism for achieving equality of service. The nonlinearly weighted probabilistic arbitration includes additional benefits such as providing quality-of-service features and fairness in terms of both throughput and latency that approaches the global fairness achieved with age-base arbitration. This provides a more stable network by achieving high sustained throughput beyond saturation. Each router or switch in the network may include an arbiter to apply the weighted probabilistic arbitration.

A symbol detector for an OFDM receiver determines the correlation of corresponding samples of at least two received preamble symbol samples, one of the samples delayed a predetermined duration with respect to the other; determines a timing metric based on the correlation results; detects multiple peaks in the timing metric; indicates a symbol detection based on the multiple peaks detected in the timing metric; and gets a refined CFO estimation using averaging the phase information across these multiple peaks.

An apparatus for designing a virtual VLAN network includes a database containing data representing a plurality of VLAN networks in a spanning tree topology, each of the VLAN networks being formed of a plurality of VLAN member nodes interconnected by links. In response to a network configuration request from a communications network, control circuitry determines the costs of the links, and then determines least cost unicast paths by using a shortest path algorithm. A search is made through the least cost unicast paths for detecting a loop. If at least one loop is detected, a link of highest cost of the loop is blocked. All unicast paths of the blocked link are reestablished through links that circumvent the blocked link. A spanning tree built up with all the links accommodating the least cost unicast paths is established. Configuration command is sent to the network for configuring it according to the established spanning tree.

The invention discloses a battery equalizing device used for equalizing multiple battery units in a battery pack by utilizing an equalizing resistance, which comprises a controller, a resistance switching circuit and the equalizing resistance, wherein the resistance switching circuit is used for connecting the battery units specified by the equalizing resistance and the controller in parallel under the control of the controller; and the controller is used for collecting the voltage value of each battery unit in the multiple battery units, determining the residual electricity quantity of each battery unit according to the collected voltage and controlling the resistance switching circuit to connect the equalizing resistance with the battery unit in parallel under the circumstance that one battery unit meets the switching conditions, wherein the switching condition is as follows: the residual electricity quantity of the battery unit is higher than the specified value of the average residual electricity quantity of the multiple battery units. The battery equalizing device can intelligently equalize the battery units, effectively reduce the difference between the battery units and cansave the volume and the cost of equipment.

Improved transient response times are obtained while maintaining low emissions with a low pressure EGR system through methods for quickly obtaining a desired oxygen concentration for charge-air to be used for combustion. Under a first method, fuel quantity in the main combustion event is controlled in the combustion process to produce exhaust around a relatively constant target exhaust oxygen concentration value. By keeping the exhaust oxygen concentration levels at a relatively constant value, lag time in waiting for low pressure EGR valve adjustments during transients may be avoided, and the system's air handling response to meet transients may be paced solely by adjusting the mass of air to be supplied (i.e. boost response). Under a second method, a multiple-stage combustion process is utilized, in which fuel feed is controlled in a small, preliminary HCCI-type combustion event in order to produce a target oxygen concentration of charge-air to be used for the second, main combustion event. Under a third method, exhaust rebreathing is used to produce a target oxygen concentration of charge-air to be used for combustion.

A method of resampling medical imaging data from a first spatial distribution of data points onto a second spatial distribution of data points, including determining a matrix of reverse interpolation coefficients for resampling data from said second spatial distribution onto said first spatial distribution, inverting a matrix based on said reverse interpolation matrix to determine forward resampling coefficients for resampling data from said first spatial distribution to said second spatial distribution, and resampling data from said first spatial distribution onto said second spatial distribution using said forward resampling coefficients.

The invention relates to a superpixel segmentation method based on the fuzzy theory. The superpixel segmentation method improves fitness of superpixel edges and original image edges, and segmented superpixels have an undiversified internal structure and uniform gray scale. The superpixel segmentation method comprises steps of 1) processing images and initializing cluster centers; 2) adding coordinate distances of pixel points into the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and establishing an objective function; 3) updating a membership matrix; 4) updating cluster centers with gray scale values and coordinates included; 5) repeating steps 3) and 4) until a termination condition that the change amount of the cluster center gray scale values is smaller than an artificially set threshold value or iteration times are larger than some artificially set value; 6) completing initial superpixel division based on the finally obtained membership matrix; and 7) performing post-processing to complete the final superpixel division by combining sets of points ,which are isolated and unavoidably exist in superpixels generated after the above six steps, with adjacent superpixels which have the maximum similarity.

The present disclosure relates to methods to deconvolute a mixture sample of genetic material from different origins or sources. The disclosed methods can be used in various applications, including, the non-invasive determination of a fetal genome, a fetal -ome (e.g. exome). or other targeted fetal locus from cell-free nucleic acids in maternal plasma or other body fluids; the de-termination of cancer-associated mutations from cell-free nucleic acids in a body fluid sample that contains a mixture of nucleic acids from normal cells and tumor cells; and quantification of donor cell contamination using a body fluid from a transplantation recipient to monitor and/or predict the outcome of a transplantation procedure.