3194 results about "Coding block" patented technology

A file protection scheme for fixed content in a distributed data archive uses computations that leverage permutation operators of a cyclic code. In an illustrative embodiment, an N+K coding technique is described for use to protect data that is being distributed in a redundant array of independent nodes (RAIN). The data itself may be of any type, and it may also include system metadata. According to the invention, the data to be distributed is encoded by a dispersal operation that uses a group of permutation ring operators. In a preferred embodiment, the dispersal operation is carried out using a matrix of the form [IN<sub2>—< / sub2>C] where IN is an n×n identity sub-matrix and C is a k×n sub-matrix of code blocks. The identity sub-matrix is used to preserve the data blocks intact. The sub-matrix C preferably comprises a set of permutation ring operators that are used to generate the code blocks. The operators are preferably superpositions that are selected from a group ring of a permutation group with base ring Z2.

In embodiments of the present invention improved capabilities are described for the steps of identifying a functional code block that performs a particular function within executable code; transforming the functional code block into a generic code representation of its functionality by tokenizing, refactoring, or the like, the functional code block; comparing the generic code representation with a previously characterized malicious code representation; and in response to a positive correlation from the comparison, identifying the executable code as containing malicious code.

In embodiments of the present invention improved capabilities are described for the steps of identifying a functional code block that performs a particular function within executable code; transforming the functional code block into a generic code representation of its functionality by tokenizing, refactoring, or the like, the functional code block; comparing the generic code representation with a previously characterized malicious code representation; and in response to a positive correlation from the comparison, identifying the executable code as containing malicious code.

A hybrid audio encoding technique incorporates both ABR, or CBR, and VBR encoding modes. For each audio coding block, after a VBR quantization loop meets the NMR target, a second quantization loop might be called to adaptively control the final bitrate. That is, if the NMR-based quantization loop results in a bitrate that is not within a specified range, then a bitrate-based CBR or ABR quantization loop determines a final bitrate that is within the range and is adaptively determined based on the encoding difficulty of the audio data. Excessive bitrates from use of conventional VBR mode are eliminated, while still providing much more constant perceptual sound quality than use of conventional CBR mode can achieve.

Techniques for multiplexing and transmitting multiple data streams are described. Transmission of the multiple data streams occurs in “super-frames”. Each super-frame has a predetermined time duration and is further divided into multiple (e.g., four) frames. Each data block for each data stream is outer encoded to generate a corresponding code block. Each code block is partitioned into multiple subblocks, and each data packet in each code block is inner encoded and modulated to generate modulation symbols for the packet. The multiple subblocks for each code block are transmitted in the multiple frames of the same super-frame, one subblock per frame. Each data stream is allocated a number of transmission units in each super-frame and is assigned specific transmission units to achieve efficient packing. A wireless device can select and receive individual data streams.

The invention discloses a channel-polarization-based encoder for a staggered structure duplication code, and an encoding method and decoding methods thereof. The encoder consists of a duplication bit buffer with a storage capacity of L bits, a bit position mapper with a length N and a channel polarization device with the length N which are connected in sequence. The encoding method based on the encoder comprises the following steps of: embedding duplicated encoding into a channel polarization process, and introducing a duplicated relationship between parts of the bits of code blocks transmitted in sequence during the channel polarization for encoding. In addition, the invention further provides two decoding methods, which comprise the following steps of: decoding by using a simple and rapid successive cancellation (SC) algorithm, and performing iterative decoding by using a Tanner-graph-based belief propagation algorithm with excellent performance. On the basis of the innovative structure encoder, the encoding and decoding methods provided by the invention are stronger in error correction capability under the condition of not increasing the decoding complexity, and the transmission performance is obviously improved. The encoding and decoding methods are particularly applicable to an actual communication engineering system and have a good popularization and application prospect.

Different scripting languages may reside side-by-side or nested within each other on the same web page. Thus, a new author may add code to the page, and he or she is not tied to any given subset of languages supported by the web server. Multiple scripting languages are supported by identifying a start and an end of each scripting language code block authored into the web page markup language. When the web page is later compiled into an XML Document Object Model (DOM) tree, the routine examines the DOM to identify any nodes that identify a given code block. Upon encountering a node that identifies a given code block, the DOM is adjusted to account for the script code within the given code block.

Adaptive systems and methods that may help assure the reliability of data retrieved from memory cells are described herein. The systems may include a memory device including a plurality of memory cells, a data quality monitoring block, and an adaptive data encoding block, the data quality monitoring block and the adaptive data encoding block both being operatively coupled to the memory device. The data quality monitoring block may be configured to determine a quality value of a group of one or more memory cells included in the memory device, the determined quality value being indicative of a quality of the group of one or more memory cells. The adaptive data encoding block may be configured to select a coding scheme from a plurality of coding schemes to encode data to be written to the group of one or more memory cells in the memory device, the selection of the coding scheme being based at least in part on the determined quality value of the group of one or more memory cells.

Method of protecting host application code comprising a plurality of code blocks. The method includes steps of preprocessing the host application code; obfuscating the host application code; installing guards in the host application code to protect client blocks; randomly rearranging the code blocks of the host application code; linking the rearranged host application code with other resources to produce a binary executable image; and patching the binary executable image with data values to be used by the guard. The method can be used to install a plurality of guards to form a distributed network of guards that cooperatively protect the host application code and the other guards in the network. The installation of the guards can be performed automatically using a guard formation graph; and guard formation graph customization parameters. The obfuscation step can include control flow graph merging, cloning, and data-aliasing.

The invention discloses a method for data transmission, a transmitter and a receiver. The method comprises the steps of obtaining constant bit rate (CBR) service data; performing physical coding sublayer (PCS) coding on the CBR service data; inserting a rate adaptation code block into a PCS code stream obtained by the PCS coding for rate adaptation of the PCS code stream; mapping the the PCS rate stream after adaptation into N time slots of a flexible Ethernet (FlexE) frame, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; and transmitting the FlexE frame, wherein the FlexE overhead of the FlexE frame includes information indicating the N time slots corresponding to the PCS code stream. The method for the data transmission, the transmitter and the receiver according to the embodiment of the invention can realize flexible Ethernet mapping of the CBR service data and enhance the carrying capacity of the flexible Ethernet.

An interpolation frame generation device (201) that generates an interpolation frame that interpolates image frames that are obtained by decoding a coded image signal (210) that is coded by motion compensation, includes a motion vector deriving unit (203) and an interpolation frame generating unit (204). The motion vector deriving unit (203) acquires a motion compensation vector of a coded block that forms the coded image signal (210). The interpolation frame generating unit (204) generate the interpolation frame in accordance with the motion vector of the image block that forms an image frame by using the motion compensation vector of the coded block as the motion vector of the image block.

The invention provides an encoder, decoder, video frame encoding method and bit stream decoding method. The encoder for receiving a video frame and performing encoding processes to generate an encoded bit stream includes: a fidelity enhancement block, for performing a fidelity enhancement technique on the video frame utilizing a quad- tree partition, and generating fidelity enhancement information including a parameter associated with the quad-tree partition structure; and an entropy coding block, coupled to the fidelity enhancement block, for encoding the fidelity enhancement information, and embedding the encoded fidelity enhancement information into the encoded bit stream. The said method and device make the decoder immediately stores the fidelity enhancement information and execute the fidelity enhancement without waiting for decoding all the bit streams through indicating the position of the fidelity enhancement information by an indicating needle.

An encoding apparatus and a method of encoding a source block including different types of data payloads are provided. The method includes dividing the source block into a predetermined number M of sub blocks, generating a predetermined number P1 of base parity payloads that correspond to each of the predetermined number M of sub blocks by performing first Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding on each of the predetermined number M of sub blocks, generating a predetermined number P2 of extended parity payloads that correspond to the source block by performing second FEC encoding on a particular type of data payloads among data payloads that make up the source block, and configuring a source coded block based on a predetermined number N of sub coded blocks including the predetermined number M of sub blocks and the predetermined number P1 of base parity payloads generated.

A dual, and possibly multiple, frame approach is used by the invention. Embodiments of the invention include making a decision to use a long term reference frame, which is a frame other than an immediate past reference frame, to conduct INTER coding, or to conduct INTRA frame coding. Other embodiments include use of long and short term reference blocks, and make a decision between two types of INTER coding blocks and INTRA coding. In accordance with embodiments of the invention, a long term frame is a high quality frame. The high quality frame may be used as a reference frame under particular conditions.

A hybrid intra-inter bi-predictive (or multi-predictive) coding mode allows both intraframe (intra) and interframe (inter) predictions to be combined together for hybrid-encoding a current macroblock or a subblock. Bi-prediction may be used also in I-pictures, combining two intra predictions that use two different intra prediction directions. A video encoder processes data representing a two-dimensional video image which has been produced by a conventional commercially available video camera. The video encoder is adapted to select, for coding a current macroblock, between an intra encoding mode, an P-frame inter encoding mode, a B-frame bi-predictive inter mode, and a hybrid intra-inter bi-predictive encoding mode. A video decoder receives and decodes a data stream that may contain a block / macroblock encoded in accordance with the hybrid intra-inter bi-predictive encoding mode.

A hybrid intra-inter bi-predictive (or multi-predictive) coding mode allows both intraframe (intra) and interframe (inter) predictions to be combined together for hybrid-encoding a current macroblock or a subblock Bi-prediction may be used also in I-pictures, combining two intra predictions that use two different intra prediction directions. A video encoder processes data representing a two-dimensional video image which has been produced by a conventional commercially available video camera. The video encoder is adapted to select, for coding a current macroblock, between an intra encoding mode, an P-frame inter encoding mode, a B-frame bi-predictive inter mode, and a hybrid intra-inter bi-predictive encoding mode. A video decoder (800) receives and decodes a data stream that may contain a block / macroblock encoded in accordance with the hybrid intra-inter bi-predictive encoding mode.

Disclosed herein are various embodiments of coding systems and methods. In one method embodiment, among others, a coding method comprises receiving input parameters, and providing a packet comprising variable FEC code block sizes throughout the packet structure based on the input parameters.

A predictive coding in a video coding system, which can enhance the coding efficiency by predictively coding DC coefficients of a block to be coded using DC gradients of a plurality of previously coded neighboring blocks. The predictive coefficient is selected according to the difference between the quantized DC gradients (coefficients) of a plurality of neighboring blocks of the block to be coded, and the DC coefficient of the block to be coded is predictively coded by the selected predictive coefficient, thereby enhancing the coding efficiency.

A system and method for predicting an inter-layer predicted slice of image data from at least two different reference layers, where the inter-layer predicted slice of image data itself resides on yet another layer, different from either of the two reference layers. At least one coded block from the inter-layer predicted slice of image data is encoded with an indication, indicating to a decoder that the at least one coded block is to be inter-layer multi-predicted from the at least two different reference layers. Identifications and corresponding prediction weights of the at least two different reference layers are also signaled to the decoder either in the coded block itself, or in the inter-layer predicted slice of image data.

A system for executing instructions using a plurality of register file segments for a processor. The system includes a global front end scheduler for receiving an incoming instruction sequence, wherein the global front end scheduler partitions the incoming instruction sequence into a plurality of code blocks of instructions and generates a plurality of inheritance vectors describing interdependencies between instructions of the code blocks. The system further includes a plurality of virtual cores of the processor coupled to receive code blocks allocated by the global front end scheduler, wherein each virtual core comprises a respective subset of resources of a plurality of partitionable engines, wherein the code blocks are executed by using the partitionable engines in accordance with a virtual core mode and in accordance with the respective inheritance vectors. A plurality register file segments are coupled to the partitionable engines for providing data storage.

An encoded bitstream of entropy encoded video data is received by a video decoder. The encoded bitstream represents syntax elements of a sequence of coding blocks. The sequence of coding blocks is recovered by processing a bin sequences associated with each coding block in a processing pipeline, wherein a defined amount of time is allocated to process each coding block in the processing pipeline. The encoded bitstream is arithmetically decoded to produce each bin sequence. The arithmetic decoder is time-wise decoupled from the processing pipeline by storing a plurality of the bin sequences in a buffer memory.

A method for realizing a direct mode without reference to temporally subsequent pictures but with reference to motion vectors of coded blocks in one picture including a current block is suggested for performing predictive coding on the current block using the direct mode under the environment where such temporally subsequent pictures are not available for reference, and further, high coding efficiency is achieved even in a case of motion compensation with only forward reference by eliminating items concerning reference to the subsequent pictures from a table of coding modes and thus reducing the number of items in the table.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a data transmission method, which comprises the following steps: dividing a transmission block into at least one group, wherein each group comprises at least one coding block; adding cyclic redundancy check CRC bits to each group; and sending the group after addition of the CRC bits. Meanwhile, the embodiment of the invention discloses a data transmission device and a communication system based on grouping concept; and groups corresponding to check errors are retransmitted, so that data retransmission is greatly reduced and simultaneously large throughput gain is acquired.

Executable software sent from an application service provider to a client computer can be arranged as a bundle of executable code blocks that are used during initialization of a group of applications (at least one initialization block from each application being included in the bundle). The bundle can include code for applications that are subscribed to by a user as well as for applications not subscribed to. As the subscribed applications are executed, usage data sent to a server may be monitored to determine unsubscribed applications that may be of interest to the user. Subscription offers may be automatically generated and sent to the user in response to processing of the usage data. Transmission efficiency of the code blocks may be improved by exchanging identification codes between the server and client to determine code blocks already present at the client.

A system and method for generating a second reduced size digital image from a first digital image, the method including iteratively compressing the first digital image to an extent determined by a quality measure comprising at least a blockiness measure quantifying added artifactual edges along coding block boundaries of the second image and / or use of a quantization matrix generated by computing a weighted average of the quantization matrix of the first digital image and a scaled second quantization matrix.

A video surveillance system is disclosed which addresses the issue of privacy rights and scrambles regions of interest in a scene in a video scene to protect the privacy of human faces and objects captured by the system. The video surveillance system is configured to identify persons and or objects captured in a region of interest of a video scene by various techniques, such as detecting changes in a scene or by face detection. In accordance with an important aspect of the invention regions of interest are automatically scrambled, for example, by way of a private encryption key, while the balance of the video scene is left in tact and is thus recognizable. Such region of interest scrambling provides distinct advantages over known code block scrambling techniques. The entire video scenes are then compressed, by one or more compression standards, such as JPEG 2000. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the degree of scrambling can be controlled.

A method / system of transcoding an MPEG 2 / 4 bit stream into an H.264 format, handles an input MPEG 2 / 4 bit stream in a decoder, and identifies certain data in the input bit stream for reuse in the H.264 format; and, reuses the identified data in a re-encoder with assistance from a mapping module in transcoding by converting the input bit stream into an output H.264 format. The identified data includes information at a macrolevel and information at a picture level. The information at the macrolevel might comprise additional stages incorporated in the re-encoder module including a Mapping Process stage, a Sub Pixel Refinement stage, a Mode Selection stage to choose from Intra, Inter or Skip modes, followed by the standard H.264 encoding loop and the Entropy Coding Block. The information at the picture level might include; a) average quantizer of frame, and, b) total bits per frame.

The embodiments of the invention provide a data processing method and apparatus. The method comprises: performing code block segment processing on a data block so as to obtain multiple first processing blocks, the difference of the bit numbers of any two of the multiple first processing blocks being not greater than one bit; according to a filling bit and the multiple first processing blocks, determining multiple second processing blocks, the value of the filling bit being a preset value; adding continuous N-K fixation bits for each of the multiple second processing blocks so as to obtain multiple third processing blocks, the values of the fixation bits being preset values, and (N-K)>=0; and according to the multiple third processing blocks, performing polar coding. In the embodiments of the invention, the data blocks are segmented as uniformly as possible and are subjected to filling bit processing and fixation bit processing so as to perform the polar coding and reduce performance differences among code blocks.

Methods and apparatus for communicating different size coded blocks of information in a wireless sectorized communications cell are described. Information may be categorized and formed into large, medium, and small coded blocks which may include error correction code bits based on the number of bits representing the information, time criticality of the information, and tolerable level of interference. Channels with full tone overlap between adjacent sectors, channels with no tone overlap between adjacent sectors, and channels with partial tone overlap between adjacent sectors are used for different size blocks. Some tones corresponding to a channel with less than full tone overlap are left unused in an adjacent sector thereby achieving less than full transmission tone overlap. Large transmission blocks are transmitted using full tone overlap channels; medium transmission blocks are transmitted using partial tone overlap channels; small transmission blocks are transmitted without using transmission tone overlap in adjacent sectors.