The present invention discloses a water retention fertilizer for peanut planting, wherein the water retention fertilizer is characterized in that raw materials comprise, by weight, 8-10 parts of urea, 20-30 parts of tea leaf residue, 8-12 parts of iron slag, 3-5 parts of a filler, 5-7 parts of plant ash, 0.6-0.8 part of abamectin, 0.3-0.5 part of an microorganism bacterial agent, 2-4 parts of potassium chloride, 2-4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-5 parts of zinc nitrate, 2-4 parts of manganese phosphate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.8-1.2 parts of copper sulfate, 3-4 parts of boric acid, 2-3 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.2-1.4 parts of lysine, 3-5 parts of humic acid, and 3-5 parts of an auxiliary agent. According to the present invention, the water retention fertilizer has beneficial effects of soil structure improving, soil gas permeation improving, soil fertility improving, and soil water retention capacity improving; the abamectin in the adhesive provides the significant effects of insect disinfestation and pest prevention so as to substantially reduce the harm of nematodes; and the water retention fertilizer further has effects of soil pH value balance adjusting, plant root microenvironment improving, plant disease resistance and stress resistance enhancing, reasonable nutrient ratio, high fertilizer efficiency, significantly-improved crop fertilizer absorption, and achievement of strong disease resistance and stress resistance of roots.