The invention relates to an integral cabinet type water quality automatic monitoring device which comprises a communication and electric control functional area, a measurement instrument analysis functional area, a water collection and distribution functional area and a subsidiary functional area, wherein a communication control system in the communication and electric control functional area comprises a central main control module, a redundant main control module and a drive control unit having sub-functions of water collection and distribution pretreatment, measurement instrument analysis, environment control, entrance guard and safety prevention; all test instruments in the measurement instrument analysis functional area are designed by standard modularization, can be configured according to the requirement of a client and are assembled in a modularization way; in the water collection and distribution functional area, water collection and distribution and water sample preliminary treatment comprise a water sample pipeline, a flushing water pipeline, a wastewater pipeline, a rough grid filtering and sampling head, a water pump, a sand deposition device, a primary filter, a liquid level sensor, a circulation tank, a water quality probe sensor and an alga removing device; and the subsidiary functional area comprises a real-time environment monitoring module, an entrance guard and safety prevention module, an exceed-standard sample retainer and a power supply module of a fuel-fed generator.