A method for in-situ chemical treatment and remediation of heavily-polluted black and odorous water bottom mud comprises the following steps that firstly, a saturated sodium carbonate solution is added into the black and odorous water bottom mud; secondly, a sodium percarbonate working solution is added into the black and odorous water bottom mud; thirdly, symclosene is added into black and odorous water; fourthly, non-ionic polyacrylamide is added into the black and odorous water so that the ecological transparence of the black and odorous water can be larger than 40 cm. According to the method, the environment-friendly chemicals of sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, manganese dioxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium symclosene and polyacrylamide are adopted, singles and compounds are used in combination, biological degradation and abiotic degradation are combined, a heavily-polluted water area is subjected to comprehensive ecological remediation, black and odorous bottom mud organic matter of the polluted water is subjected to in-situ remediation by increasing dissolution oxygen, the chemical regents can take effect fast after being added into the water, the black and odorous phenomenon in the water can be relieved in a short time, the adding mode is simple, the environment-friendly chemicals are used, secondary pollution to the water is avoided, and toxicity is very low.