The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene-oxide-based MoO2 high-performance electrode material of a lithium / sodium ion battery and belongs to the technical field of preparation of the electrode material of the lithium / sodium ion battery. The technical scheme is as follows: the preparation method comprises the following steps: dropwise adding (NH4)Mo7O24 aqueous solution into a graphene-oxide water dispersing system, fully stirring, dispersing to be uniform, and then evaporating water in the dispersing system to form molybdenum amino acid and derivative / graphene-oxide layered preform; then carrying out heat treatment on the molybdenum amino acid and derivative / graphene-oxide layered preform, and thus preparing the graphene-oxide-based MoO2 high-performance electrode material of the lithium / sodium ion battery. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the operation is simple, the reaction time is short, the repeatability is high, the cost is lower, the yield is large, and the structure of a product is easily controlled; and the prepared negative material of the battery reaches the nano-scale size, and has the characteristics of large specific capacity, good conductivity, low resistivity and high circulating times and the like.