The invention provides a low-rank
coal downward circulating
fluidized bed pyrolysis quality improvement process. A low-rank
coal is dried and raised by a
gas raising pipe, low-rank
coal particles separate from each other in a hierarchical mode,
flue gas exhausts outwards, fine particles enter a downward
hybrid tube of low-rank coal quality improvement, and self-mixing, temperature rising and
pyrolysis of large-medium particle low-rank coals with high
temperature cycling carbocoal is achieved quickly at the top end of a downward pyrolytic reactor. Oil gas quickly separates from the carbocoal under a reactor vertical
pipe. Through a condenser, a
liquid product and
coal gas are obtained from pyrolytic oil gas. The carbocoal is divided into two parts through a sub-material valve. Part of carbocoal flows into the downward
hybrid tube of the low-rank coal quality improvement, and part of carbocoal enters a burning raising
pipe and is burned and heated. High temperature carbocoals separate from each other in a hierarchical mode. The
flue gas preheats air, and then is led to the bottom of the
flue gas raising pipe to promote and dry a low-rank coal with a size less than six millimeters. The large-medium particles enter the top portion of the downward pyrolytic reactor to act as the high
temperature cycling carbocoal. Fine carbocoal inflows the
hybrid tube of the low-rank coal quality improvement and mixes with the low-rank coal and exchanges heat with the low-rank coal, and further, the fine carbocoal partially softens and pyrolyzes a
thermoforming machine to produce a quality improvement type coal.