The invention discloses a method for testing interfacial bond behavior of a road asphalt mixture, filling the blank of a method for testing interfacial bond behavior of asphalt and aggregate in an asphalt mixture under the conditions of freezing and thawing cycle, temperature aging, pressure aging and ultraviolet radiation aging. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps: performing sample preparation on an asphalt mixture; performing water freezing and thawing, salt freezing and thawing, temperature aging, pressure aging, ultraviolet radiation aging and three-point bending test on a semicircular test piece; and testing strain fields such as interfacial bond degenerative process, interfacial crack conditions, crack development tendency and interfacial debonding between the asphalt and aggregate specific to the influence of different asphalt mixtures on different aging conditions and different freezing and thawing cycle conditions, and calculating to obtain interfacial bond behavior fracture energy and fracture toughness property. According to the method, materials and grading types of the asphalt mixtures can be selected under different conditions, so that a scientific basis is provided for quality inspection and engineering characteristic evaluation of asphalt pavement material products in cold, strong ultraviolet ray districts.