93results about How to "Small feature" patented technology

In one aspect the invention provides a method for laser induced breakdown of a material with a pulsed laser beam where the material is characterized by a relationship of fluence breakdown threshold (Fth) versus laser beam pulse width (T) that exhibits an abrupt, rapid, and distinct change or at least a clearly detectable and distinct change in slope at a predetermined laser pulse width value. The method comprises generating a beam of laser pulses in which each pulse has a pulse width equal to or less than the predetermined laser pulse width value. The beam is focused to a point at or beneath the surface of a material where laser induced breakdown is desired.The beam may be used in combination with a mask in the beam path. The beam or mask may be moved in the x, y, and Z directions to produce desired features. The technique can produce features smaller than the spot size and Rayleigh range due to enhanced damage threshold accuracy in the short pulse regime.

Articulating devices for replacing damaged or degenerated weight bearing joints are provided. The devices may have two or more surfaces that articulate against one another that are coated or fully formed of PEEK or similar materials to provide improved wear capabilities while maintaining sufficient strength to operate in a weight bearing capacity.

An ion radiation therapy machine provides a steerable beam for treating a tumor within the patient where the exposure spot of the beam is controlled in width and / or length to effect a flexible trade-off between treatment speed, accuracy, and uniformity.

A chalcogenide phase change memory cell has a substrate with a conductor line. The conductor line has a contact end. An insulating layer is located over the substrate and conductor line. An aperture is located in the insulating layer. The aperture extends to the substrate. A memory material is conformally located within the aperture. The memory material is in electrical contact with the contact end. A conductive layer is located over the memory material in the aperture.

A spectroscopy system is provided which operates in the vacuum ultra-violet spectrum. More particularly, a system utilizing reflectometry techniques in the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum is provided for use in metrology applications. The system may further include the use of an array detector in combination with an imaging spectrometer. In this manner data for multiple wavelengths may be simultaneously collected. Moreover, the multiple wavelengths of data may be collected simultaneously for a two dimensional sample area. The system may further include the use of a fixed diffraction grating and does not require the use of polarizing elements. To ensure accurate and repeatable measurement, the environment of the optical path is controlled. The optical path may include a controlled environmental chamber in which non-absorbing purge gases are present or in which vacuum evacuation techniques are utilized. The controlled environment may further include a separate instrument chamber and a separate sample chamber. The controlled environment limits in a repeatable manner the absorption of VUV photons.

An x-ray analysis apparatus for illuminating a sample spot with an x-ray beam. An x-ray tube is provided having a source spot from which a diverging x-ray beam is produced having a characteristic first energy, and bremsstrahlung energy; a first x-ray optic receives the diverging x-ray beam and directs the beam toward the sample spot, while monochromating the beam; and a second x-ray optic receives the diverging x-ray beam and directs the beam toward the sample spot, while monochromating the beam to a second energy. The first x-ray optic may monochromate characteristic energy from the source spot, and the second x-ray optic may monochromate bremsstrahlung energy from the source spot. The x-ray optics may be curved diffracting optics, for receiving the diverging x-ray beam from the x-ray tube and focusing the beam at the sample spot. Detection is also provided to detect and measure various toxins in, e.g., manufactured products including toys and electronics.

An x-ray analysis apparatus for illuminating a sample spot with an x-ray beam. An x-ray tube is provided having a source spot from which a diverging x-ray beam is produced having a characteristic first energy, and bremsstrahlung energy; a first x-ray optic receives the diverging x-ray beam and directs the beam toward the sample spot, while monochromating the beam; and a second x-ray optic receives the diverging x-ray beam and directs the beam toward the sample spot, while monochromating the beam to a second energy. The first x-ray optic may monochromate characteristic energy from the source spot, and the second x-ray optic may monochromate bremsstrahlung energy from the source spot. The x-ray optics may be curved diffracting optics, for receiving the diverging x-ray beam from the x-ray tube and focusing the beam at the sample spot. Detection is also provided to detect and measure various toxins in, e.g., manufactured products including toys and electronics.

A charged particle beam and a laser beam are used together to micromachine a substrate. A first beam alters the state of a region of the work piece, and the second beam removes material whose state was altered. In one embodiment, an ion beam can create photon absorbing defects to lower the local ablation threshold, allowing the laser beam to remove material in a region defined by the ion beam. The combination of laser beam and charged particle beam allows the creation of features similar in size to the charged particle beam spot size, at milling rates greater than charged particle processing because of the increased energy provided by the laser beam.

A spectroscopy system is provided which operates in the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum. More particularly, a system utilizing reflectometry techniques in the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum is provided for use in metrology applications. To ensure accurate and repeatable measurement, the environment of the optical path is controlled to limit absorption effects of gases that may be present in the optical path. The VUV reflectometer may be utilized to monitor a wide range of data in a semiconductor processing environment. For example, the techniques may be used for measuring thicknesses, optical properties, composition, porosity and roughness of a film or stack of films. Further, the VUV techniques and apparatus may be used to characterize critical dimensions and other features of a device. The VUV reflectometer system may be utilized as a stand alone tool, or the relatively compact nature of the system may be taken advantage of such that the system is incorporated into other process tools. Thus, for example, the VUV techniques described herein may be incorporated directly into tools used for deposition, etch, photolithography, etc. so that in-line measurements, monitoring and control may be advantageously obtained.

A fiber extrusion pack for extruding molten material to form an array of fibers includes a number of split distribution plates arranged in a stack such that each split distribution plate forms a layer within the fiber extrusion pack, and features on the split distribution plates form a distribution network that delivers the molten material to orifices in the fiber extrusion pack. Each of the split distribution plates includes a set of plate segments with a gap disposed between adjacent plate segments. Adjacent edges of the plate segments are shaped to form reservoirs along the gap, and sealing plugs are disposed in the reservoirs to prevent the molten material from leaking from the gaps. The sealing plugs can be formed by the molten material that leaks into the gap and collects and solidifies in the reservoirs or by placing a plugging material in the reservoirs at pack assembly.

A spectroscopy system is provided which operates in the vacuum ultra-violet spectrum. More particularly, a system utilizing reflectometry techniques in the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum is provided for use in metrology applications. The system may further include the use of an array detector in combination with an imaging spectrometer. In this manner data for multiple wavelengths may be simultaneously collected. Moreover, the multiple wavelengths of data may be collected simultaneously for a two dimensional sample area. The system may further include the use of a fixed diffraction grating and does not require the use of polarizing elements. To ensure accurate and repeatable measurement, the environment of the optical path is controlled. The optical path may include a controlled environmental chamber in which non-absorbing purge gases are present or in which vacuum evacuation techniques are utilized. The controlled environment may further include a separate instrument chamber and a separate sample chamber. The controlled environment limits in a repeatable manner the absorption of VUV photons.

A method for etching features in a silicon oxide based dielectric layer over a substrate, comprising performing an etch cycle. A lag etch partially etching features in the silicon oxide based dielectric layer is performed, comprising providing a lag etchant gas, forming a plasma from the lag etchant gas, and etching the etch layer with the lag etchant gas, so that smaller features are etched slower than wider features. A reverse lag etch further etching the features in the silicon oxide based dielectric layer is performed comprising providing a reverse lag etchant gas, which is different from the lag etchant gas and is more polymerizing than the lag etchant gas, forming a plasma from the reverse lag etchant gas, and etching the silicon oxide based dielectric layer with the plasma formed from the reverse lag etchant gas, so that smaller features are etched faster than wider features.

A spectroscopy system is provided which operates in the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum. More particularly, a system utilizing reflectometry techniques in the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum is provided for use in metrology applications. To ensure accurate and repeatable measurement, the environment of the optical path is controlled to limit absorption effects of gases that may be present in the optical path. To account for absorption effects that may still occur, the length of the optical path is minimized. To further account for absorption effects, the reflectance data may be referenced to a relative standard. Referencing is particularly advantageous in the VUV reflectometer due to the low available photon flux and the sensitivity of recorded data to the composition of the gaseous medium contained with the optical path. Thus, errors that may be introduced by changes in the controlled environment may be reduced. In one exemplary embodiment, the VUV reflectometer may utilize a technique in which a beam splitter is utilized to create a sample beam and a reference beam to form the two arms of a near balanced Mach Zehnder interferometer. In another exemplary embodiment, the reference channel may be comprised of a Michelson interferometer.

Thin-film battery methods for complexity reduction are described. Processing equipment arrangements suitable to support thin-film battery methods for complexity reduction are also described. Cluster tools to support thin-film battery methods for complexity reduction are also described.

An ion radiation therapy machine provides a steerable beam for treating a tumor within the patient where the exposure spot of the beam is controlled in width and / or length to effect a flexible trade-off between treatment speed, accuracy, and uniformity.

A fingerprint sensing device comprising sensing circuitry comprising a plurality of sensing elements, each sensing element comprising a sensing structure arranged in a sensing plane and facing a surface of the capacitive fingerprint sensing device, each of the sensing elements being configured to provide a signal indicative of an electromagnetic coupling between the sensing structure and a finger placed on the surface of the fingerprint sensing device; and a plurality of connection pads electrically connected to the sensing circuitry for providing an electrical connection between the sensing circuitry and readout circuitry, wherein each of the connection pads is separately recessed in relation to the sensing plane such that each connection pad has a floor in a floor plane, and wherein each connection pad is separated from an adjacent connection pad through a portion of the sensing device being elevated in relation to the floor plane.

The invention discloses a multiple label dynamic bit arbitration anti-collision method for RFID system. The method uses a bit register in the label for saving the collision position information of the label in the identifying process; the saving unit of the reader is equipped with a collision position stack, a prefix stack, a temporary reservoir for recording the information of the collision process. The method comprises the following steps: initializing and inquiring the total mark code of the label firstly; inquiring the collision position according to the bit and recording the information of the collision position secondly; identifying the label and determining the next label entering in the active state according to the standard and completing identifying all the labels at last. The invention shows the advantages of binary tree search algorithm sufficiently, which reduces the inquiring times and the receiving bit number, provides a simple structure and a low energy.

Methods, systems, and computer program products for processing three-dimensional image data to render an image from a viewpoint within or beyond an occluding region of the image data are disclosed. According to one method, a set of three-dimensional image data is accessed. The image data includes image data for a surface of interest and image data for a region occluding the surface of interest from a desired viewpoint. The viewpoint may be within or beyond the occluding region. A plurality of rays is cast from the viewpoint to the surface. Along each ray, an occlusion determination is made independent from a volume rendering transfer function definition to render voxels within the occluding region as transparent or partially transparent. The volume rendering transfer function is applied along a portion of each ray outside of the occluding region to render voxels defining surface of interest as visible. The voxels that define the surface are displayed as visible. The voxels within the occluding region are shown in a transparent or partially transparent manner.

A method is disclosed for etching an integrated circuit structure within a trench. A layer to be etched is applied over the structure and within the trench. A CF-based polymer is deposited over the layer to be etched followed by deposition of a capping layer of SiOCl-based polymer. The CF-based polymer reduces the width of the trench to such an extent that little or no SiOCl-based polymer is deposited at the bottom of the trench. An O2 plasma etch is performed to etch through the CF-based polymer at the bottom of the trench. The O2 plasma etch has little effect on the SiOCl-based polymer, the thus the upper surfaces of the structure remain covered with polymer. Thus, these upper surfaces remain fully protected during subsequent etching of the layer to be etched.

The invention relates to a test paper strip for rapidly detecting traces of chlorothalonil and a preparation method thereof. The test paper strip is characterized in that a supporting layer is used as the bottom layer, an adsorption layer is used as the intermediate layer, a protective layer is fixed on the adsorption layer, the adsorption layer comprises an adsorption fibrous layer, a gold-labeled antibody fibrous layer, a cellulose film and an absorbent material layer at the handle end in order from a test terminal, wherein the cellulose film is provided with detection blots printed by using a chlorothalonil coupling carrier protein solution and control blots printed by using a goat anti-mouse IgG or rabbit anti-mouse IgG (or goat anti-rabbit IgG) antibody solution; the gold-labeled antibody is a colloidal gold labeled chlorothalonil monoclonal antibody or polyclonal antibody; and the chlorothalonil coupling carrier protein is bovine serum albumin, chicken ovalbumin or haemocyanin. The test paper strip disclosed herein has the advantages of strong specificity, high sensitivity, simple, and accurate detection, low cost, wide application scope, and easiness in popularization and application.

A clinch-type fastener is formed by simultaneously creating an undercut during the same forging that creates the head and displacer of the fastener. A fastener blank is compressed end-to-end between top and bottom dies whereby the axial compression of a blank causes the outward bulging of the shank at its midline. Simultaneously, a tapered end point and a tangential interference band are formed provided by a curvilinear-shaped bulge in the shank. As the bulge is formed an undercut is created between the bulge and a shoulder which extends downwardly from a head of the fastener. This method of formation and the fastener produced thereby are particularly suited to the manufacture of small clinch pins having a diameter in the range of 1.0 mm.

An optical fiber in which the hollows near the connecting end of the optical fiber having a plurality of hollows around the core are filled with a light-transmitting substance such as resin or glass having a lower refractive index than quartz-based materials. The connecting portion of the optical fiber connects an optical fiber having a plurality of hollow holes in the cladding around the core to another optical fiber through a refractive index lower than that of the core at the lowest temperature in actual use. A matching agent is used to align and connect the optical fiber with the other optical fiber.

Methods and systems for performing spectroscopic measurements of semiconductor structures including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared wavelengths greater than two micrometers are presented herein. A spectroscopic measurement system includes a combined illumination source including a first illumination source that generates ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared wavelengths (wavelengths less than two micrometers) and a second illumination source that generates mid infrared and long infrared wavelengths (wavelengths of two micrometers and greater). Furthermore, the spectroscopic measurement system includes one or more measurement channels spanning the range of illumination wavelengths employed to perform measurements of semiconductor structures. In some embodiments, the one or more measurement channels simultaneously measure the sample throughout the wavelength range. In some other embodiments, the one or more measurement channels sequentially measure the sample throughout the wavelength range.

The invention discloses a test strip which is used for detecting porcine reproductive difficulty virus infectious disease pathogen, comprising a non-hygroscopic support layer and an adsorption layer which adheres to the support layer. The adsorption layer consists of a sample adsorption fiber layer, a gold antibody fiber layer, a cellulose film layer and a hygroscopic layer, and the four layers are spliced sequentially. The cellulose film layer has a contrast blot which contains anti-porcine / mouse IgG and at least one detect blot which contains porcine reproductive difficulty virus antibody that is one of anti-PRRSV, PPV and JEV monoclonal antibodies / polyclonal antibodies; the gold antibody fiber layer is adhered with gold polyclonal antibodies / monoclonal antibodies of anti-porcine reproductive difficulty virus corresponding to the virus antibody. When used for testing, the test strip has the advantages of strong specificity, high sensitivity and no need of additional device or reagent. The test strip can be operated by everyone and is suitable for fast identifying and diagnosing porcine reproductive difficulty virus infectious disease on site.

The invention discloses a Clenbuterol hydrochloride detection test paper and a detection method thereof. The Clenbuterol hydrochloride detection test paper comprises a support and fixing lining which is sequentially provided with a sample adsorption layer, a combination pad, a microporous siphon reaction layer and a water absorption layer; the combination pad is provided with a Clenbuterol hydrochloride antibody labeled by a trace particle and an antibody A labeled by the trace particle, and the antibody A is different from the Clenbuterol hydrochloride antibody; the microporous siphon reaction layer is sequentially provided with a blotting area and a detection area of Clenbuterol hydrochloride carrier protein solution, and the detection area comprises a detection solution blotting area and a control solution blotting area. Two lines occur in the detection area when the content of the Clenbuterol hydrochloride is more than 5 nanogram in a sample; and one line occurs in the detection area when the content of the Clenbuterol hydrochloride is less than 5 nanogram in the sample. The test paper has a detection mode and a reading manner equivalent to those of a sandwich method and low cost. The detection method is simple and rapid, and has simple operation.

The invention provides a convenient, lightweight and streamlined connecting device for attaching a leader or tippet to a fly-fishing line. The Fly Line Connecting Device is configured with an expandable tubular lattice that allows for an in-line connection to the fly line. The connection device has an integral tubular lattice sized with an internal diameter that is slightly smaller that the fly line and when compressively displaced, operates to expand the internal diameter to allow insertion of the fly line. Once the fly line is fully inserted, the tubular lattice is allowed to contract and elastically constrict onto and thereby grip the semi-resilient surface of the fly line. When the fly line and leader line are placed in tension through the connecting device, the tubular lattice acts to constrict down on the fly-line to resist separation. The connecting device of the invention is configured with a loop, eyelet, knot-trapping feature, or short tippet to allow for the convenient attachment of the leader line. Alternatively, the connecting device is permanently attached or integrally formed with a full-length leader. The preferred embodiment of the connecting device is injection molded in an intermediate form that is configured to be manually or machine cold-drawn to the final working dimensions and optimal physical properties.

The invention belongs to the technical field of spatial filtering, and particularly relates to a three-way bandwidth frequency band frequency selecting surface structure and an antenna cover. The antenna cover can serve as the antenna cover of a multi-frequency antenna of communication systems, such as radar and a satellite. The three-way bandwidth frequency band frequency selecting surface structure comprises a layer medium substrate, and two layers of same frequency selecting surfaces which are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the layer medium substrate, wherein each frequency selecting surface consists of patch units which are arranged periodically; each patch unit comprises a square patch of which the four sides are cut into notches; the notches are rectangular openings, are positioned on the axes of the square, are in two-to-two correspondence and are not communicated with one another; a rectangular wave-shaped metal line extends from each rectangular opening; each metal line is connected with the metal lines of adjacent patch units on the periphery; the metal lines are positioned on the two symmetry axes of the square. The antenna cover is mounted out of an antenna or an antenna array; an electromagnetic valve incident plane of the antenna cover is formed by the three-way bandwidth frequency band frequency selecting surface structure.