The invention discloses a high-efficiency screw-in soil sampling device, which includes a bracket and a sampling cylinder; a moving rod is arranged inside the sampling cylinder; a pumping plate is fixedly connected to the left side of the moving rod, and a right end of the moving rod is fixedly connected to A moving block, the moving block abuts against a fixed block, and the left side of the fixed block is fixedly connected with a sampling tube; a sliding plate is arranged under the sampling tube, a sample box is arranged under the sliding plate, and a plurality of independent sample cells are arranged in the sample box. The present invention is provided with a precession drive device to accurately reach the depth of sampling and improve the accuracy of sampling; the present invention is provided with a sampling cylinder to realize drilling at one time and obtain soil samples of different depths, thereby improving the efficiency of sampling; The soil samples are stored separately through a rotating sample box with independent sample grids to avoid mutual contamination between soil samples, and at the same time prevent samples from falling, ensuring that the sample volume meets the sampling requirements.