30results about How to "Small intensity" patented technology

In a method of high spatial resolution imaging or modifying a structure, the structure is marked with a substance which is selected from the group of substances which can be transferred from a first state having first optical properties to a second state having second optical properties by means of an optical switch over signal. Then, the second state of the substance is adjusted with the switch over signal except for a spatially limited area. If the substance and the switch over signal are adapted to each other in such a way, that everywhere where the switch over signal exceeds a threshold value essentially the second state of the substance is adjusted, and if the spatial area purposefully omitted by the switch over signal is an intensity minimum of an interference pattern, the spatial area of the structure in which the substance is within the first state becomes smaller than the diffraction limit for the switch over signal.

A method for a radar for determining a level of interference of return of a radar wave transmitted by the radar from a target object and radio wave transmitted by some other radar, and a radar, in particular a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, that performs the method for determining the level of interference between the radar and some other radar is provided. In the method according to the present invention, after incident radio wave received by the radar is subjected by a frequency analysis to obtain frequency spectrum characteristic of the incident radio wave, one of frequency components of incident radio wave, the one of the frequency components having larger intensity than a predetermined intensity threshold value is not used to calculate a reference value that indicates the level of interference.

An x-ray analysis apparatus for illuminating a sample spot with an x-ray beam. An x-ray tube is provided having a source spot from which a diverging x-ray beam is produced having a characteristic first energy, and bremsstrahlung energy; a first x-ray optic receives the diverging x-ray beam and directs the beam toward the sample spot, while monochromating the beam; and a second x-ray optic receives the diverging x-ray beam and directs the beam toward the sample spot, while monochromating the beam to a second energy. The first x-ray optic may monochromate characteristic energy from the source spot, and the second x-ray optic may monochromate bremsstrahlung energy from the source spot. The x-ray optics may be curved diffracting optics, for receiving the diverging x-ray beam from the x-ray tube and focusing the beam at the sample spot. Detection is also provided to detect and measure various toxins in, e.g., manufactured products including toys and electronics.

A defect inspection apparatus is capable of inspecting an extremely small defect present on the top and edge surfaces of a sample such as a semiconductor substrate or a thin film substrate with high sensitivity and at high speed. The defect inspection apparatus has an illumination optical system, a plurality of detection optical units and a signal processor. One or more of the detection optical units receives either light diffracted from an edge portion of the sample or light diffracted from an edge grip holding the sample. The one or more of the detection optical units shields the diffracted light received by the detection optical unit based on a signal obtained by monitoring an intensity of the diffracted light received by the detection optical unit in order to inspect a sample portion located near the edge portion and a sample portion located near the edge grip.

A pair of metallic components are co-axially aligned prior to full energization of the magnetic pulse welding inductor to provide for improved control of the magnetic pulse welding process. To accomplish this, either or both of the components are supported in a floating manner. An electromagnetic coil is then energized so as to generate a magnetic field of relatively small intensity within or about one of the components. This relatively small intensity magnetic field exerts a relatively small force on the two components, causing them to move to a co-axially aligned position relative to one another and to the coil. Then, while the components are co-axially aligned, they are subjected to a magnetic field of relatively large intensity for the purpose of permanently joining such components together. This relatively large intensity magnetic field exerts a large pressure on one of the two components, causing it to deform toward the other of the two components at a high velocity. The high velocity impact of these two components, as well as the large pressures exerted thereon, caused the two components to become permanently joined together.

In an X-ray diffraction method using the parallel beam method, an X-ray parallel beam is incident on a sample, and diffracted X-rays from the sample are reflected at a mirror and thereafter detected by an X-ray detector. The reflective surface of the mirror has a shape of an equiangular spiral that has a center located on the surface of the sample. A crystal lattice plane that causes reflection is parallel to the reflective surface at any point on the reflective surface. The X-ray detector is one-dimensional position sensitive in a plane parallel to the diffraction plane. A relative positional relationship between the mirror and the X-ray detector is determined so that reflected X-rays from different points on the reflective surface of the mirror reach different points on the X-ray detector respectively. This X-ray diffraction method is superior in angular resolution, and is small in X-ray intensity reduction, and is simple in structure.

A sheet-fed scanning device capable of detecting a document edge includes a scanning module and an automatic document feeder. The scanning module scans a document with a light ray. The automatic document feeder feeds the document across a scanning region on a sheet passageway for the scanning module to scan. In this invention, a section of a guide plate of the sheet passageway located within the scanning region is formed with a concave portion, wherein the document moving across the scanning region is located between the concave portion and the scanning module, such that the intensity of a first brightness of the concave portion sensed by the scanning module is far smaller than the intensity of a second brightness of the document sensed by the scanning module. Thus, it is possible to facilitate the document edge detection and the document skew correction.

The invention provides a Group III nitride semiconductor light-emitting device in which the strain in the light-emitting layer is relaxed, thereby attaining high light emission efficiency, and a method for producing the device. The light-emitting device of the present invention has a substrate, a low-temperature buffer layer, an n-type contact layer, a first ESD layer, a second ESD layer, an n-side superlattice layer, a light-emitting layer, a p-side superlattice layer, a p-type contact layer, an n-type electrode N1, a p-type electrode P1, and a passivation film F1. The second ESD layer has pits X having a mean pit diameter D. The mean pit diameter D is 500 Å to 3,000 Å. An InGaN layer included in the n-side superlattice layer has a thickness Y satisfying the following condition: −0.029×D+82.8≦Y≦−0.029×D+102.8.

In an X-ray diffraction method, an X-ray parallel beam is incident on a sample, and diffracted X-rays from the sample are reflected at a mirror and thereafter detected by an X-ray detector. The reflective surface of the mirror is a combination of plural flat reflective surfaces, the respective centers of which are located on an equiangular spiral having a center that is located on a surface of the sample. The X-ray detector is one-dimensional position-sensitive in a plane parallel to the diffraction plane. X-rays that have been reflected at different flat reflective surfaces reach different points on the X-ray detector respectively. A correction is performed for separately recognizing different reflected X-rays that may have been reflected at the different flat reflective surfaces, and might be mixed with each other on the same detecting region of the X-ray detector.

A defect inspection apparatus is capable of inspecting an extremely small defect present on the top and edge surfaces of a sample such as a semiconductor substrate or a thin film substrate with high sensitivity and at high speed. The defect inspection apparatus has an illumination optical system, a plurality of detection optical units and a signal processor. One or more of the detection optical units receives either light diffracted from an edge portion of the sample or light diffracted from an edge grip holding the sample. The one or more of the detection optical units shields the diffracted light received by the detection optical unit based on a signal obtained by monitoring an intensity of the diffracted light received by the detection optical unit in order to inspect a sample portion located near the edge portion and a sample portion located near the edge grip.

In an X-ray diffraction method using the parallel beam method, an X-ray parallel beam is incident on a sample, and diffracted X-rays from the sample are reflected at a mirror and thereafter detected by an X-ray detector. The reflective surface of the mirror consists of a combination of plural flat reflective surfaces. The respective centers of the flat reflective surfaces are located on an equiangular spiral having a center that is located on a surface of the sample. The X-ray detector is one-dimensional position-sensitive in a plane parallel to the diffraction plane. X-rays that have been reflected at different flat reflective surfaces reach different points on the X-ray detector respectively. A corrective operation is performed for separately recognizing the different reflected X-rays on the assumption that the different reflected X-rays that have been reflected at the different flat reflective surfaces might be unfortunately mixed each other on the same detecting region of the X-ray detector. This X-ray diffraction method is superior in angular resolution, and is small in X-ray intensity reduction, and is simple in structure.

A signal processing apparatus scans a beam of elastic waves into an object to be examined, acquires received waveform data of a plurality of scan lines, and performs signal processing to form a tomographic image of said object to be examined from the received waveform data of the plurality of scan lines. The signal processing apparatus includes a scan line correlation calculation part (009) that calculates a correlation value of received waveform data between a first scan line and a second scan line that has a prescribed correlation with the first scan line, for a plurality of positions on the scan lines, and a correlation change position extraction part (010) that extracts, from among the plurality of positions on said scan lines, a position at which the correlation value becomes a value different from a prescribed value as a position at which a unique region can exist.

For a quasi-monochromatic x-ray radiation with high radiation intensity, an x-ray radiator generates quasi-monochromatic x-ray radiation to expose a subject from a point-shaped radiation source that emits a polychromatic x-ray radiation, and having a diffraction device to diffract the polychromatic x-ray radiation. The diffraction device has a super-mirror made of crystalline material with a flat surface. In the super-mirror, the crystalline material has at least one (in particular continuous) variation of the lattice plane spacing of the crystal lattice. The radiation source and the diffraction device are arranged such that quasi-monochromatic x-ray radiation is generated from the polychromatic x-ray radiation by partial reflection at the super-mirror.

The present invention provides a gaming apparatus adapted for substantially continuous play, comprising a first set of elements divisible into two or more distinguishable subsets; a second set of destinations divisible into two or more distinguishable subsets; selection means for selecting at random one element from the first set; association means for associating the randomly selected one element at random with one destination of the second set; and return means for returning the randomly selected one element to the start position.The present invention further provides adapting the above apparatus to an electronic gaming format.

A vehicle lighting fixture can achieve uniform projection of light while being capable of providing improved luxurious sense of projected light. The vehicle lighting fixture can include a housing, an outer lens configured to cover an opening of the housing to define a lighting chamber; and a light source and a light guiding lens located in the lighting chamber. The light guiding lens is configured so as to receive light from the light source and guide the light to a light exiting surface thereof for light projection. The light guiding lens has a functional surface which is opposite to the light exiting surface and can include a plurality of flute cuts configured to diffuse light and a plurality of prism cuts configured to reflect light. The plurality of prism cuts are arranged at random on the functional surface.

The invention provides a Group III nitride semiconductor light-emitting device in which the strain in the light-emitting layer is relaxed, thereby attaining high light emission efficiency, and a method for producing the device. The light-emitting device of the present invention has a substrate, a low-temperature buffer layer, an n-type contact layer, a first ESD layer, a second ESD layer, an n-side superlattice layer, a light-emitting layer, a p-side superlattice layer, a p-type contact layer, an n-type electrode N1, a p-type electrode P1, and a passivation film F1. The second ESD layer has pits X having a mean pit diameter D. The mean pit diameter D is 500 Å to 3,000 Å. An InGaN layer included in the n-side superlattice layer has a thickness Y satisfying the following condition: −0.029×D+82.8≦Y≦−0.029×D+102.8.

A foamed and stretched plastic bottle having, in the body portion thereof, a foamed region in which foamed cells are distributed, wherein, in at least a portion of the foamed region, the lengths of the foamed cells in the axial direction of the bottle are so distributed as to gradually decrease as the positions of the foamed cells shift from the outer surface side of the body portion toward the central portion thereof and then gradually increase as their positions shift from the central portion thereof toward the inner surface side thereof. The foamed and stretched plastic bottle of the invention exhibits excellent light-shielding property.

The present invention is related to a new series of chemical compounds, namely 3-benzyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione substituted in the position 2 and / or 6 of benzyl ring by halogens as presented to the molecule named LPSF-PT-31, GIRSUPAN and its therapeutic use as drug with analgesic, sedative and adjuvant of anesthetics activities. The invention is also related to a process for production of said compounds as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

A foamed and stretched plastic bottle having, in the body portion thereof, a foamed region in which foamed cells are distributed, wherein, in at least a portion of the foamed region, the lengths of the foamed cells in the axial direction of the bottle are so distributed as to gradually decrease as the positions of the foamed cells shift from the outer surface side of the body portion toward the central portion thereof and then gradually increase as their positions shift from the central portion thereof toward the inner surface side thereof. The foamed and stretched plastic bottle of the invention exhibits excellent light-shielding property.