The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for relieving cough and asthma. The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises astragalus membranaceus, ladybell root radix adenophorae, ephedra, atractylodes macrocephala, poria cocos, rhizoma pinellinae praeparata, semen lepidii, tussilago farfara, asarum, polygala, dried ginger, tangerine peels, schisandra, jujubes and radix liquiritiae. The traditional Chinese medicine composition for relieving cough and asthma is a chronic bronchitis cough and asthma ointment prepared by immersion, decoction, concentration, alcoholprecipitation, sterilization separation and preparation. The invention further discloses an identification method of effective components of the chronic bronchitis cough and asthma ointment and a content determination method of the effective components. The chronic bronchitis cough and asthma ointment is prepared from pure tradition Chinese medicine, the side effects are small, the cost is low, the medical burden of patients is reduced, and favorable conditions for smooth promotion of the chronic bronchitis cough and asthma ointment are created; and the identification method of the effectivecomponents and the measurement method of the effective components of the chronic bronchitis cough and asthma ointment are provided, it is ensured that a mixture that the pharmaceutical effect is in accordance with pharmacopoeia specifications is screened out, and the treatment effect of the chronic bronchitis cough and asthma ointment is ensured. Meanwhile, the selected ointment meets the detection standard of modern medicine, and the final link is opened for clinical promotion and application.