Disclosed is a method for carbon sequestration by using fast-growing herbaceous plants, fast-growing algae, lichens or mosses, comprising: (1) planting and / or cultivating fast-growing herbaceous plants, fast-growing algae, lichens or mosses in a selected land area or water area; (2) harvesting or recovering the plants, algae, lichens or mosses after growing to a suitable height or size over a period of time; (3) drying the harvested or recovered plants, preferably by natural drying, such as sun drying or air drying, to obtain dried plants, algae, lichens or mosses; (4) transporting the dried plants, algae, lichens or mosses to a landfill and landfilling same; (5) after finishing landfilling, covering the finally landfilled plants with a layer of ordinary soil; and (6) recovering vegetation in the landfill.