The invention provides an ammonia water recovery system and an ammonia water recovery method. The ammonia water recovery system comprises an ammonia water storage tank, an air compressor, a charging pump, a loading and unloading arm, an ammonia water tank car, a recovery tank and a fan. The loading and unloading arm comprises a gas phase pipeline of the loading and unloading arm and a liquid phasepipeline of the loading and unloading arm, a liquid inlet connecting end, an air inlet connecting end and an air outlet connecting end are arranged on the top of the recovery tank, the ammonia waterstorage tank is connected to the inlet of the charging pump through a first liquid phase pipeline of ammonia water, the outlet of the charging pump is connected to the liquid inlet connecting end of the recovery tank through a second liquid phase pipeline of ammonia water, the second liquid phase pipeline of ammonia water is connected to the liquid phase port of the ammonia water tank car, the gasphase port of the ammonia water tank car is connected to the gas phase port of the ammonia storage tank through the gas phase pipeline of the loading and unloading arm, the air inlet connecting end at the top of the recovery tank is connected to the air compressor through a compressed air pipeline, and the air outlet connecting end of the recovery tank is connected to the fan through an exhaust pipeline. The recovery tank is used for recovering residual ammonia water in the pipeline, so that no ammonia is leaked in the process of removing the tank car and the pipelines.