The invention relates to the technical field of information management, and discloses an electronic evidence storage system and an operation method of the electronic evidence storage system. The system comprises a block chain, a transmission file exchange service system used for data exchange, and a visual management and monitoring platform used for carrying out data exchange supervision and management on the transmission file exchange service system, all departments establish a shared data resource pool, resources in the pool are subjected to evidence storage supervision through the block chain, safety and credibility are guaranteed, all resource pool data are maintained and utilized jointly based on the block chain, so that data security sharing among all units of the cross-department is realized, authenticity and credibility of case materials in the cross-department circulation process are ensured by utilizing the block chain technology, tampering prevention, repudiation prevention and abuse right prevention of the case materials are realized, and meanwhile, a case handling department can be promoted to carry out work according to laws, and law enforcement is standardized.