The invention provides a design method of a personalized 3D printing calcaneal plate based on topological optimization. The design method comprises the steps that firstly, three-dimensional reconstruction of a calcaneal model is conducted; then, a calcaneal outer side curved surface contour is extracted and constructed, construction of a calcaneal curved surface plate prototype and configuration of screws are conducted, and finite element analysis and topological optimization redesigning of a calcaneal prototype plate are conducted; and finally, 3D printing forming is conducted. According to the design method, based on the personalized treatment principle, limitation of traditional design and manufacturing technologies is broken through, the calcaneal height and reposition flatness of thearticular surface are effectively recovered, anatomic form matching and maximization of the fixation rigidity are achieved through combination of 3D printing and personalized manufacturing, and accordingly, the effect of calcaneal fracture plate internal fixation treatment is improved. According to the calcaneal plate designed through the design method, the problems of personalized anatomical compatibility difficult to achieve in a traditional calcaneus internal fixation plate, insufficient fixation stability and complications of related soft tissue of implantation materials are solved, shaping is easy, incisures are lower, biomechanical stability is better, and the risk of post-operation skin flap necrosis is lower.