1488 results about "Gall" patented technology

The invention relates to a general-purpose composite Chinese herbal medicine immune enhancer for freshwater cultured fish, which is made of raw materials with the following weight ratios, based on the amount added per ton of feed: rhubarb 800-2000g; Sanqi 350-1000g; water Silybum 1200-2500g; Cassia 600-800g; Astragalus 600-2000g; Scutellaria baicalensis 500-900g; 500-1500g; Garlic 1000-2000g. After many tests in the laboratory, it has been proved that the general-purpose compound Chinese herbal medicine immune enhancer for freshwater aquaculture fish can improve the survival rate of a variety of freshwater aquaculture fish in the process of attacking viruses; The long-term breeding experiment of farmed fish feed proves that the general-purpose compound Chinese herbal medicine immune enhancer for freshwater farmed fish can effectively reduce the incidence of a variety of high-density farmed freshwater fish and improve the survival of the breed; the additive is safe, efficient, and has no side effects for long-term use. The breeding objects have strong vitality, rapid growth, bright body color, high feed conversion rate, and good breeding benefits.

Apparatus for treating a patient is provided, including an electrode device, which is configured to be placed in a vicinity of at least one gall bladder site of the patient selected from the group consisting of: a gall bladder, a neck of the gall bladder, a cystic duct, a hepatic duct, a common hepatic duct, a bile duct, a common bile duct, sensory fibers of the gall bladder, and a hepatic port. The apparatus further includes a control unit, which is configured to drive the electrode device to apply a current to the site, and to configure the current to induce weight loss of the patient. Other embodiments are also described.

The invention discloses artificial bear gall powder and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step (a) dissolving livestock gall powder by using a buffer solution of which the pH value is equal to 7-9 and then filtering to obtain filter residues and a filtrate; step (b) adding the filtrate into a reactor filled with 7alpha-hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase, 7beta-hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase and coenzyme I or coenzyme II and reacting; step (c) after the reaction ends, freeze-drying a reaction liquid and then mixing the freeze-dried reaction liquid with the filter residues to obtain the artificial bear gall powder. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, completely natural livestock gall is taken as a raw material for preparing the artificial bear gall, no other chemical substances are added, common animal gall is adopted and a gall source is easy to pick, obtain and process; through an in-vitro enterohepatic circulation simulation process, the livestock gall is biologically transformed into the artificial bear gall powder which is equivalent to natural bear gall powder in chemistry, and the artificial bear gall powder is used as a natural bear gall replacement to protect the endangered animal Asian black bear and promote healthy development of the bear gall industry.

Compositions and methods for changing the color of non-wood substrates. A one step method uses a solution of a water soluble pigment or dye and a metal salt. The non-toxic solution can be sprayed on a primed or unprimed substrate without wiping. The method can produce an even color on a smooth substrate, or a simulated woodgrain pattern or color on a textured substrate. The composition and method can be used on substrates as varied as fiberboard, fiberglass, steel, vinyl, plastics, metals, concrete, brick, stone, and stucco. The composition can include a resin which is emulsified when added and subsequently demulsifies. A two step method includes the additional step of applying a gall ink to the substrate. The compositions can be distributed as kits containing multiple packages of dry or concentrated ingredients, which make the final composition(s) when hydrated. Simply changing one of the packages can change the composition's application method, application effect, or intended substrate, thus enabling the creation of a system with simplified inventory and shipping requirements.

The ultrasound training mannequin (100) is a device that provides a realistic medical training device for use by medical personnel, especially those in the field of emergency medicine, to gain experience in applying and analyzing the results of common ultrasound examinations. The mannequin (100) comprises a life-size model of the male torso. The mannequin (100) has a simulated human skin (20) and tissue structure (22) made of a silicone. Internal organs, such as the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, gall bladder, urinary bladder, and spleen are placed inside the model in their normal occurring relative positions. Heavier organs are modeled with a variable density silicone material to simulate the actual sonic density of these organs. The lungs are modeled with a variable density foam material to simulate the sonic density of actual lungs. The mannequin (100) also includes artificial venous and arterial channels emanating from and terminating at the heart.

The invention relates to a method for producing Chinese herbal medicine health-care dark eggs. The method comprises the following steps: (1) taking bear gall powder, western safflower and the like to form a Chinese herbal medicine composition; (2) adding the above Chinese herbal medicine composition into a feed, mixing evenly and forming a mixed feed, wherein, the addition quantity is the weight ratio of 5-20:100 of the Chinese herbal medicine composition to the feed; and (3) feeding laying Taihe chicken with the mixed feed and laying eggs after feeding for 7 days, namely, the Chinese herbal medicine health-care dark eggs. The produced dark eggs contain abundant proteins, amino acids, vitamins, selenium, DHA and various famous and precious Chinese herbal medicine components, have abundant nutrition, strong medicine potency and obvious curative effect, have the effects of strengthening the spleen and the kidney, tonifying the liver, nourishing the stomach, supplementing qi, tonifying the blood, nourishing yin, reducing fever, smoothing collaterals, promoting blood circulation and the like, and have a favorable food therapy effect for preventing and treating diabetes, hypertension, hemiplegia, apoplexy sequelae, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and all classes of cancers.

The feature of the invention includes: adopting frozen chicken gallbladder slicing, heating to 70 degree centigrade, adding 10% weight of the bile boiling for 24 hours, reflux cooling, adjusting the pH value by hydrochloric acid to gain cream, washing to neutrality; adding 95% alcohol and 10% diatomite, reflux cooling and adding active carbon, reflux, cooling and filtering, adding petrol to the filtrate to take degreasing, reflux, standing, separating alcohol liquid and washing to neutrality in reaction kettle, adding 95% alcohol, after resolving, adding barium chloride and active carbon, reflux, hot filtering, concentrating white crystal from the filtrate, washing, and adding water and sodium carbonate water solution, heating and reflux, filtering, adjusting the pH value, drying. The invention has simple technology, low cost, and could drastically separate cholesterol, lithocholic acid, and cholic acid from gall, and improves the purity.

The invention relates to oral liquid for treating diseases of the liver, gall, stomach and intestinal canal. The oral liquid comprises the following medicaments in parts by weight: 5 to 10 parts of pilose asiabell root, 5 to 10 parts of largehead atractylodes rhizome, 5 to 10 parts of astragalus mongholicus, 5 to 10 parts of common yam rhizome, 5 to 10 parts of northern hawthorn fruit, 5 to 10 parts of malt, 5 to 10 parts of tangerine peel, 5 to 10 parts of Chinese angelica, 5 to 10 parts of red sage root, 5 to 10 parts of bletilla striata, 5 to 10 parts of white paeony root, 5 to 10 parts of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 2 to 5 parts of liquoric root, 2 to 5 parts of Indian buead, 2 to 5 parts of finger citron, 2 to 5 parts of villous amomum fruit, 2 to 5 parts of officinal magnolia bark, 2 to 5 parts of Chinese eaglewood, 2 to 5 parts of cyperus rotundus, 2 to 5 parts of medlar, 2 to 5 parts of shelled cuttlebone, 2 to 5 parts of Chinese thorowax root, 2 to 5 parts of coastal glehnia root, 2 to 5 parts of fragrant solomonseal rhizome, 2 to 5 parts of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, 2 to 5 parts of shelled radish seed, 2 to 5 parts of white hyacinth bean, 2 to 5 parts of immature bitter orange, 2 to 5 parts of costustoot, 2 to 5 parts of coix seed and 2 to 5 parts of lindera root. The oral liquid is clinically proven to have a definite treatment effect on acute or chronic gastroenteritis.

The invention discloses a feed additive for improving the digestion utilization ratio of fat and a method for preparing the same. The feed additive comprises the following components in weight portion: 0 to 35 portions of bile acid, 0 to 15 portions of taurine and 20 to 80 portions of defatted rice bran. The invention has the advantages that: by practice, we finds that if proper amount of bile acid and taurine is added in the feed, the activity of pancreatic lipase is enhanced, the digestion utilization ratio of fat is greatly improved, the liver function is strengthened, the incidence rate of animal fatty liver and the death rate of animals are lowered, so that the addition level of fat in the feed can be reduced, and the aim of saving feed cost is achieved. In poultry breeding, the utilization ratio of fat is improved by 10 to 25 percent; in pig feeding, the utilization ratio of fat is improved by 10 to 25 percent; and in the fish, the utilization ratio of fat is improved by 10 to 25 percent, and the incidence rate of liver-gall syndrome of fish is greatly lowered.

The invention relates to a magnetic auxiliary tensioning device for a single-pore laparoscope. The magnetic auxiliary tensioning device for the single-pore laparoscope comprises an abdominal wall outer electromagnet capable of adjusting a magnetic force and an abdominal wall inner electromagnet matched with the abdominal wall outer electromagnet, a semicircular ring is connected to the bottom of the abdominal wall inner electromagnet; a pull wire passes through the semicircular ring; and one end of the pull wire is connected with a nonmagnetic titanium alloy forceps clip. When a single-pore laparoscopic surgery is performed, the pull wire can pass through the semicircular ring and an abdominal cavity notch to be controlled in vitro, and a performer indirectly controls and pulls the gall bladder through the pull wire, so by the method, the crowded state of single-pore instruments is improved by using the pull wire; and the pull power is controlled by the performer, so flexibility of the surgery is improved; and the pull direction is adjusted by moving the abdominal wall outer electromagnet to change the position of the abdominal wall inner electromagnet and the pull wire can be pulled to any directions in the range of 360 degrees, so the magnetic auxiliary tensioning device is flexible to use, without adding additional wounds.

The invention relates to a tunnel half-shading green branch cuttage and propagation method of large reed-leaf cherries and Teng county red cherries, comprising the following steps: making a cuttage bed by using sandy loam as a ground substance ; making a tunnel by using an agricultural film, thin bamboo poles or mocks; covering the film of the tunnel by using a sun-shading net for shading; selecting cherries in winter and spring-heated greenhouses as cutting seed trees, wherein one cutting wood is three nodes having four buds about 10 to 15 cm in general, the distance from apical buds to pruning wounds is from 0.5 to 1cm, 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of leaves are reserved on a top leaf, and the roots are cut into a shape of a horse ear; putting the cutting wood into a 800-time carbendazol solution for sterilization and moisture preservation after being cut; watering the slotter by using the carbendazol solution for primary soil sterilization and then punching holes by using small bamboo sticks when in cuttage; fully watering by using the carbendazol solution after cuttage, wherein the humidity in the tunnel is kept more than 85%; hardening off seedlings when finding the growth of new leaves in 26th day after cuttage and then uncovering the film for removing the tunnel after a week; shifting to the normal nursery management after uncovering the tunnel, i.e. weeding, watering, fertilizing, preventing and curing plant diseases and insect pests and the like. The invention has the advantages of high nursery stock breeding rate, high transplanting survival rate, no crown gall, vigorous growth, early fruiting, easy fertility and easy popularization.

The invention provides a method for separating and purifying chenodeoxycholic acid from duck gall, and concretely comprises to the following steps: dissolving and extracting a duck gall paste crude product, extracting ethyl acetate, and ultrafiltering and removing impurities. The method has the following advantages that 1) the raw material source of chenodeoxycholic acid can be enlarged, the method for separating and purifying chenodeoxycholic acid from the duck gall is provided; and 2) the content of chenodeoxycholic acid extracted from the duck gall by a traditional method is low with about 60%. The HPLC content of chenodeoxycholic acid obtained by using the method of the invention can reach more than 96%, and the extraction efficiency of chenodeoxycholic acid is enhanced.

The invention discloses an external-use medicinal liquor used for treating the rheumatoid bone disease, which is prepared from Han pseudo-ginseng, the root of red-rooted salvia, siegesbeckia orientalis, Chinese Polyphaga, root of common peony, scorpio, earthworm, centipede, myrrh, Angelica sinensis, polygonum multiflorum, astragalus mongholicus, ligusticum wallichii, corydalis tuber, cassia twig, monkshood, cinnamon, parasitic loranthus, achyranthes bidentata, rhizoma cibotii, geranium wilfordii, pyrola, garden balsam stem, long-noded pit viper, drynaria rhizome, mulberry twig, radix aconiti agrestis, fennel, honeycomb, monkshood, radix clematidis, fructus kochiae, Qiannian amaranth, caulis spatholobi, cortex acanthopanacis, cistanche, herba epimedii, the seed of Chinese dodder, eucommia ulmoides, teasel root, prepared rehmannia root, elecampane, frankincense, pawpaw, cortex dictamni, liquorice, rheum officinale and tortoise shell by the traditional Chinese herbal medicine processing technology. The external-use medicinal liquor is prepared from pure traditional Chinese medicine, does not have toxic or side effect, treats both principal and secondary aspect of diseases, has obvious curative effect and can be used for treating various symptoms, such as rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis, cervical spondylosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, sciatica, lumbar disc herniation, thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra and lumbar spinal stenosis, joint gall and hyperplasia and the like, and clinical symptoms quickly disappear and do not recur after being cured.

The invention discloses compound natural plant hair loss preventing liquid and a preparation method and application thereof in shampoo liquid. The compound natural plant hair loss preventing liquid comprises the following raw materials: yerbadetajo herb, tamariskoid spikemoss herb, parslane herb, raw sessile stemona root, Japanese honeysuckle stem, raw tuber of multiflower knotweed, raw astragalus, densefruit pittany root-bark, frostbitten mulberry leaf, angelica dahurica, chebule flesh, thick dried rehmannia, mume fruit, dried ginger, cochinchnese asparagus root, root of red-rooted salvia, aleppo gall and pomegranate rind. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: mixing the raw materials, and decocting in water to obtain decoction; removing impurities from the decoction, concentrating to form paste, and cooling to obtain a pasty substance; dissolving the pasty substance by using ethanol fully, standing, removing insoluble substances, and concentrating the obtained solution until the content of the ethanol is lower than or equal to 3 percent to obtain the compound natural plant hair loss preventing liquid. The compound natural plant hair loss preventing liquid is reasonable in combination of the raw materials, has the effects of promoting blood stasis, removing blood stasis, warming meridian, removing obstruction in channels, inhibiting bacteria and diminishinginflammation, can promote blood circulation of hair and has the effects of hair loss prevention, hair growth and hair nourishing.

The invention relates to methods of applying energy to various body portions to produce a therapeutic response. According to embodiments, the applied energy is ultrasound and may be delivered by an ultrasound focusing device deployed in the body, for example, by using an endoscope. The energy may be used to effect a variety of therapeutic responses, including ablating lesions in the gall bladder, treating gastrointestinal reflux disease, or treating fecal incontinence.

The invention discloses osmanthus-flavored wine which comprises the following components by weight: 400-500 parts of osmanthus flowers, 10-20 parts of chamomile flowers, 10-15 parts of sophora flowers, 20-25 parts of honeysuckle, 21-25 parts of liquorice, 50-60 parts of Chinese wolfberries, 5-15 parts of honey, 220-250 parts of white granulated sugar, 5,000-8,000 parts of alcohol, 100-150 parts of jujube, 20-30 parts of radix codonopsitis, 5-10 parts of agrocybe cylindracea, 5-10 parts of tortoise shells and 5-10 parts of snake gall. The invention further discloses a method for making the osmanthus-flavored wine. The osmanthus-flavored wine provided by the invention is yellowish and reddish, has osmanthus fragrance, tastes sweet, mellow and soft and can clear away heat and toxic materials.

A control method of grape diseases and insect pests comprises step 1, performing control before germination; step 2, controlling the anthrachose, the gray mold and gall mites during inflorescence phase separation in March; step 3, controlling the anthrachose, the gray mold, the anthracnose and the downy mildew during flowering period in April; step 4, controlling the anthrachose, the white rot, the gray mold, the anthracnose and spider mites during flower and fruit protection and expanding period in May; step 5, performing control during grape bagging in early June; step 6, controlling the anthracnose, the white rot and the downy mildew during fruit coloring and mature period in the middle of June to late June; step 7, giving priority to copper agents and spraying twice after the harvest. The control method of the grape diseases and insect pests is low in cost, free of pollution, high in fruit quality and high in yield.

A plaster for traumatic injuries is composed of (by weight ) of 75-110 g of fresh rehmannia, 45-75 g of angelica, 75-110 g of achyranthes root etc 14 kinds of herbs, which can widely used for treating traumatic injuries, fracture, breaking of muscle and tendon and pool gall etc.

A Chinese medicine for treating hepatoliary calculus is prepared from 29 Chinese-medicinal materials including bear gall, lysimachia, oriental wormwood, chicken's gizzard-skin, white peony root, etc. Its advantage is high curative effect.

The present invention relates to the prevention and treatment of injury and diseases to the liver, biliary tract, bile ducts, gall bladder and related hepatobiliary system. Specifically, the present invention relates to methods for decreasing the action of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase in liver physiology. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of analogs and antagonists and antibodies for inhibiting the action of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase for the prevention and treatment of liver injury or damage in acute and chronic clinical conditions.

The invention discloses a method for cultivating emerald pearl. The surface of the pearl formed by traditional growing method is off-white, yellowish-white, baby pink and the like; although the pearl has beautiful colored luster, the color is also monotonous, especially, the pearl cannot present the effect of emerald. The method in the invention uses animal gall juice, bamboo juice, parasitic plant juice, herminium lanceum (Thunb.) Vuijk juice, submarine stone solution, and vitamin B12 solution to prepare a pearl nucleus treating liquid; during practice, in the method, the treating liquid is used to treat the cultivated pearl nucleus, and then the pearl is cultivated through a conventional cultivating method for 1-2 year; the nacreous layer of the harvested pearl presents transparent or translucent emerald effect, and is glittering and translucent; the pearl is green and blue, and is round with beautiful colors; and the pearl has florid and exalted appearance, novel and beautiful appearance and colorful colors.

This invention relates to a test kit for diagnosing hepatic and biliary diseases. The test kit has such advantages as high stability, high accuracy and high sensitivity. The test kit comprises two reagents. Reagent 1 comprises oxidized thio coenzyme, buffer solution, preservative, and anti-interference agent. Reagent 2 comprises 3alpha-HSD, reduced coenzyme, buffer solution, preservative, complexing agent, polymer accelerator, stabilizer, and one of formate dehydrogenase-formic acid-NAD, glutamate dehydrogenase-glutamic acid-oxidized nicotinamide coenzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-glucose-oxidized nicotinamide coenzyme, glucose dehydrogenase-xylose-oxidized nicotinamide coenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase-alpha-ketoglutarate-oxidized nicotinamide coenzyme, and glycerol dehydrogenase-ethylene glycol-oxidized nicotinamide coenzyme.

The invention relates to an oral medicinal combination and the preparing method, using Epimedium Herb, Coix Seed, Tangerine Peel, Perilla Leaf, Common Floweringqince Fruit and other Chinese drugs as raw materials, first decocting these raw materials to extract fragrant liquid, then decocting twice and filtering, combining the filtrate, fragrant liquid and auxiliaries and making the mixture into different preparations. It can remove damp and dredge meridian, and eliminating rheumatism and stop pain, and is used to relieve joint gall of toes and metatarsi caused by gout caused by damp and corruption. In addition, the curative effect test verifies that it can prohibit joint gall of sole of the foot of a rat caused by sodium urate (MSU), remarkably reduce white cells in joint liquid of a rabit with acute arthritis induced by MSU, remarkably prohibit the foot swelling of a rat caused by carageen glue and the ear swelling of a mouse caused by dimethylbenzene, and obviously prohibit the forming of granulation swelling of a rat.

The invention relates to an eye drop used for releasing eye fatigue and a preparation method thereof. The eye drop comprises following raw materials: radix rehmanniae, rhizoma atractylodis, crab grass, serissa japonica, jasmine, red-spotted stonecrop, wolfberry, astragalus smicus, python gall, cocklebur, chamomile, concha haliotidis, Taiwan beautyberry, globe amaranth, pearl and weathered sodium sulfate powder. The eye drop is a pure traditional Chinese medicine preparation; is prepared by modern advanced pharmaceutical technologies; has efficacies of clearing away heat and purging pathogenic fire, relieving spasm and removing eyewinker, and nourishing the liver and improving visual acuity; and can be used for treating diminution of vision and pseudomyopia of teenagers, and reliving visual fatigue of eyes, and symptoms caused by visual fatigue such as conjunctival injection and eye itch. Compatibility of the selected raw materials is appropriate, curative effects are significant, safety performance is excellent, no side effects exist, cost is low, and the eye drop is worth of wide popularization and application.

The invention relates to a compound pharmaceutical composition for preventing and curing liver and gall syndromes of fish and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the veterinary drug field. The compound pharmaceutical composition comprises rhubarb, cortex phellodendri, rhizoma coptidis, andrographis paniculata, gardenia, tarragon, liquorice, Vc, V[E], choline chloride, glucurone and talcum powder. The compound pharmaceutical composition of the invention can be used to effectively prevent and cure the liver and gall syndromes of fish, in particular to preventing and curing the liver and gall lesion of fish caused by bacterial infection liver and gall syndromes such as nutritional fatty liver, liver and gall enlargement, mosaic liver disease and the like with effective curative effect and no poison and side effect and the invention can not generate harmful drug residues for human health, can not be easy to generate drug resistance, can not pollute the environment and cause drug-induced diseases; the compound pharmaceutical composition is prepared by superfine pulverizing technology with small powder grain size, uniform distribution and quality, thus reducing drug dosage, saving medicinal material resources and reducing cost.

The invention discloses a damp-clearing pain-stopping Vaccinium fragile Franch medicated wine, prepared of Vaccinium fragile Franch, Heipidieda, Shishuaba, Stahlianthus haianensis (Hayata)T.L.Wu, Zhuifengsan, white spirit(30-50 deg. Above) in a certain weight proportion; it has characters of low cost, reasonable formula, simple to prepare, completely convenient to drink; and these drugs cooperate to be able to have reliable curative effect on atrophic arthritis, joint gall, rheumatic anaesthesia, chronic arthralgia, rheumatalgia, traumatic injury, rheumatic arthralgia, etc, and the cure rate is above 96%, and the curative effect is very good and the period of treatment is short.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating urinary system stones. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared by longhairy antenoron herb, Japanese climbing fern spore, clematis root, cassia seed, chicken's gizzard-membrane, officinal magnolia bark, reed rhizome, Chinese thorowax root, giant knotweed rhizome, talc, bitter orange, virgate wormwood herb, rhubarb, pyrrosia leaf, cluster mallow fruit, medicinal cyathula root and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention further relates to a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine composition. The traditional Chinese medicine composition has the efficacies of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, invigorating spleen and kidney, removing dampness, relieving masses, regulating qi, activating stagnancy, softening hardness, resolving stones, treating stranguria and expelling stones and is used for treating kidney stones, gall-stones, ureteral stones, bladder stones and the like.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating hyperlipemia fatty liver, as well as a preparation method, a quality detection method and application of the traditional Chinese medicine composition. The traditional Chinese medicine composition contains the following traditional Chinese medicine raw materials: 150-400 parts of rough gentian, 200-500 parts of radix salviae miltiorrhizae, 150-400 parts of red paeonia or / and 150-400 parts of hemlock parsley, 200-500 parts of semen cassiae torae and 150-280 parts of alisma rhizome. The traditional Chinese medicine composition provided by the invention can be used for liver and gall moist heat and syndrome of static blood blocking collaterals, as well as fatty liver and hyperlipemia patients with the following symptoms: two ribs swell and pain, mouth is dry and bitter, the appetite is poor, the limbs and trunk are sleepy, the abdomen feels full, stool is viscous or constipation happens, the tongue proper is dark and has petechia, and the tongue proper is yellow, thick or oily.

The ultrasound training mannequin (100) is a device that provides a realistic medical training device for use by medical personnel, especially those in the field of emergency medicine, to gain experience in applying and analyzing the results of common ultrasound examinations. The mannequin (100) comprises a life-size model of the male torso. The mannequin (100) has a simulated human skin (20) and tissue structure (22) made of a silicone. Internal organs, such as the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, gall bladder, urinary bladder, and spleen are placed inside the model in their normal occurring relative positions. Heavier organs are modeled with a variable density silicone material to simulate the actual sonic density of these organs. The lungs are modeled with a variable density foam material to simulate the sonic density of actual lungs. The mannequin (100) also includes artificial venous and arterial channels emanating from and terminating at the heart.