The invention relates to a design method for realizing a high-speed data bus by an optical fiber channel, comprising an Ethernet passive optical network configuration method, a three-layer exchange mechanism, a topology of optical fiber bus design, a bus controller, an access unit, a photoelectric conversion module, a light splitter, and an optical fiber. Before the invention, technologies related to an optical fiber high-speed data transmission bus use foreign standards, and as the technologies and chips for realizing the technologies belong to the scope of embargo of the west to China, China could not directly use the standards. According to the invention, a new method is used to replace a similar foreign technology, and an optical fiber high-speed data transmission bus product standard system of our own is established, so that the optical fiber high-speed data transmission bus technology can be widely applied to spaceflight, aviation, war industry, electronic industry and other fields.