The invention discloses a hydraulic brake system and method with a double hydraulic cylinder four-wheel failure backup. The hydraulic brake system comprises a hydraulic control unit (HCU), a brake pedal, a manpower cylinder, a liquid storage tank, a stroke simulator, a main cylinder, a ball screw, a first motor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a plurality of connecting pieces, a solenoid valve, a sensor and a brake. According to the hydraulic brake system with the double hydraulic cylinder four-wheel failure backup, the idea of more reliable and safer braking and quicker and more accurate control is embodied.