157results about How to "Shorten Diffusion Time" patented technology

A method of operating a lithium-ion cell comprising (a) a cathode comprising a carbon or graphitic material having a surface area to capture and store lithium thereon; (b) an anode comprising an anode active material; (c) a porous separator disposed between the two electrodes; (d) an electrolyte in ionic contact with the two electrodes; and (e) a lithium source disposed in at least one of the two electrodes to obtain an open circuit voltage (OCV) from 0.5 volts to 2.8 volts when the cell is made; wherein the method comprises: (A) electrochemically forming the cell from the OCV to either a first lower voltage limit (LVL) or a first upper voltage limit (UVL), wherein the first LVL is no lower than 0.1 volts and the first UVL is no higher than 4.6 volts; and (B) cycling the cell between a second LVL and a second UVL.

The Al-Ti-B crystal grain fining agent for metal material has the components including Ti 2-10 wt%, B 2 wt% and Al the rest. The preparation process includes the steps of: mixing industrial pure potassium fluorotitanate and potassium fluoroborate homogeneously, heating to melt industrial pure aluminum, adding the mixed salt into aluminum melt and covering the surface of the melt with KCl, introducing ultrasonic wave to over the melt, skimming slag, cooling the melt naturally while continuous ultrasonic treatment until the intermediate alloy solidifies completely to obtain the Al-Ti-B crystal grain fining agent. The present invention has short preparation period and less oxidation loss of aluminum melt, and the obtained casting structure has fine TiAl3 grains of homogeneous size below 20 microns and TiB2 grains with clear contour. The Al-Ti-B crystal grain fining agent is used in preparing industrial pure aluminum with crystal grains smaller than 120 microns.

The invention relates to an in situ deposit-aqueous interface water-quality sampler and a sampling method thereof. The sampler adopts a group of sampling plates and a group of protecting plates to clamp osmosis membranes and fix the osmosis membranes together by screws; the sampling plate is divided into an interstitial water sampling section of deposit and an overlying water sampling section of an interface in longitudinal direction; a plurality of transverse grooves which have longitudinal intervals of 2mm to 3mm are arranged on the interstitial water sampling section of deposit and the overlying water sampling section of the interface; the volume of the groove is between 2000microlitre to 4000microlitre; an interfacial limiting plate is arranged between the interstitial water sampling section of deposit and the overlying water sampling section of the interface; the sampler realizes in situ collection of deposit-aqueous interface water-quality samples, adopts an interfacial limiting device, and can accurately determine the deposit-aqueous interface; the sampler is equipped with a weight drop and a retrieve rope, can be used in aquatic deeper lakes, and has operability, site throwing and convenient retrieving; and the volume of each layer of water-quality sampling room reaches to 4000microlitre and can complete more index analysis simultaneously.

A microfluidic reactor cartridge having glass capillary tubing wound in a coil and surrounded by a ceramic housing capable use in high temperatures and method for using same. In another embodiment, the microfluidic cartridge is a serpentine reactor cartridge with a serpentine microreactor channel formed in a ceramic housing. The serpentine reactor cartridge has an inlet tube attached to its inlet port and an outlet tube attached to its outlet port. The inlet port is a macro / micro interface and the outlet port is a micro / macro interface useful in gas phase reactions where solids must be used to produce a reactant. The method for using a microfluidic reactor cartridge includes two phases, the first phase for producing a radioactive labeled gas such as methyl iodide and the second phase is a methylation reaction.

Disclosed herewith is a microchip having a micromixer therein. The mixromixer employs a mixing or extracting structure having (1) a first flow pass provided at a first level of the microchip; (2) a second flow pass provided at a second level of the microchip, which is different from the first level; (3) a third flow pass having a plurality of sub flow passes separately layered at the first level and each having a first end and second end thereof, each sub flow pass being connected to one of the first and second flow passes at the first end thereof; and (4) a fourth flow pass, provided at the first level, connected to the second ends of the sub flow passes so that, at least connecting portions between the fourth flow pass and the sub flow passes of the third flow pass, an extending direction of the fourth flow pass is substantially identical to those of the sub flow passes. By allowing the first liquid to flow from the first flow pass to the fourth flow pass through the third flow pass while the second liquid to flow from the second flow pass to the fourth flow pass through the third flow pass, the first and second liquids are mixed at the fourth flow pass.

A modular and reconfigurable multi-stage microreactor cartridge apparatus provides a manifold for removably attaching multiple microfluidic components such as microreactors. The microfluidic components are attached at microfluidic component ports having two input / output terminals, which microfluidic component ports are connected via connections internal to the manifold to other microfluidic component ports providing a microfluidic circuit. The microfluidic component may be a microfluidic circuit plug-in or a cartridge having a mounting block with two input / output terminals and a fastener aperture and fluidic tubing having a first and second transport portion and a body portion, the three portions being disposed in substantially parallel planes and the body portion being would in a coil around a spool. The coil is connected to the mounting block by either epoxy protector or L-bracket. The cartridge has a first and a second remote input / output terminal connected to the first and second transport lines respectively.

A method, and a resulting device, for fabricating a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). HBT devices have a high transconductance typical of bipolar devices and are additionally capable of high-power operation. To achieve the aforementioned characteristics, HBT devices are generally of the npn type, preferably with a thin, heavily doped base. The thin, heavily doped base maintains a low base-spreading resistance, leading to a high maximum oscillation frequency. In order to maintain a high doping concentration while minimizing outdiffusion of the dopant material, carbon is remotely doped into the base region. Details of the carbon dopant techniques and procedures are described with respect to fabrication of an exemplary HBT device.

The invention provides a high-efficiency low-cost solar cell diffusion technology, which is a multi-step variable temperature diffusion and annealing technology under the protection of small-flow nitrogen, and is characterized by adopting the following eight steps of diffusion processes under the protection of small-flow nitrogen: step 1, ultralow temperature boat entering process; step 2, constant temperature field process; step 3,variable temperature oxidation process; step 4, fixed temperature diffusion process; step 5, variable temperature diffusion process; step 6, knot pushing diffusion process; step 7, variable temperature annealing process; step 8, ultralow temperature boat exiting process. Compared with traditional constant temperature diffusion technology, the high-efficiency low-cost solar cell diffusion technology provided by the invention shortens diffusion technology time, reduces technology gas cost, improves uniformity and repeatability of diffusion sheet resistor.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a large powder metallurgy TZM blank with uniform carbon and oxygen distribution, which comprises the following steps of: 1, weighing raw materials; 2, mixing powder, namely mixing the weighed four raw materials twice under vacuum or the protection of inert gas, mixing titanium hydride powder, zirconium hydride powder and carbon black powder to prepare mixed powder, adding a volatile organic solvent into the mixed powder, uniformly stirring to prepare suspension, adding the weighed molybdenum powder into the suspension for uniform mixing, and adding residual molybdenum powder for uniform mixing; 3, performing cold isostatic pressing; and 4, sintering by keeping the temperature at stages, namely adopting a vacuum sintering furnace and sintering at three stages, wherein the process comprises the following steps of: raising the temperature at the first stage, raising the temperature at the second stage, and sintering at high temperature. The preparation method has the advantages of reasonable design, simple and convenient operation, and good using effect. The carbon content in the center and on the surface of the prepared larger-size TZM blank can be controlled to be approximately consistent, and the oxygen content in the center and on the surface of the TZM blank also can be reduced to a lower level.

The invention provides a core-shell structure positive electrode material, which comprises an inner core and a shell, wherein the inner core is LiMn1-XFexPO4 nanoparticles, the shell is a mixture of carbon and a lithium-containing metal salt, the lithium-containing metal salt is a lithium-containing metal phosphate and / or lithium-containing metal pyrophosphate, and x is more than 0 and is less than 0.5. According to the present invention, the LiMn1-XFexPO4 nanoparticles are adopted as the inner core, wherein the lithium ion diffusion path can be shortened, the time of the diffusion of the lithium ions among the particles can be reduced, and the material ion transmission performance can be improved with the nano-treatment of the material; and the mixture of the carbon and the lithium-containing metal phosphate and / or lithium-containing metal pyrophosphate is adopted as the coating layer, wherein the conductivity of the material ions can be increased and the carbon coating effect is effectively improved with the addition of the lithium-containing metal phosphate and / or lithium-containing metal pyrophosphate, such that the rate performance and the cycle performance of the core-shell structure positive electrode material are significantly improved, and the high compaction density is provided.

The invention discloses a high-speed enhanced ultraviolet silicon selective avalanche photodiode and a manufacturing method thereof. The photodiode comprises a P-type substrate, wherein an n well is arranged on the P-type substrate; a photosensitive window on the n well is a regularly octagonal concentric ring or is in array arrangement of a plurality of regularly octagonal concentric rings; and the doped types of the concentric rings are an n type and a p type at intervals. The photodiode has the advantages of high sensitivity, high responsiveness and high selectivity.

A fast recovery diode includes a base layer of a first conductivity type. The base layer has a cathode side and an anode side opposite the cathode side. An anode buffer layer of a second conductivity type having a first depth and a first maximum doping concentration is arranged on the anode side. An anode contact layer of the second conductivity type having a second depth, which is lower than the first depth, and a second maximum doping concentration, which is higher than the first maximum doping concentration, is also arranged on the anode side. A space charge region of the anode junction at a breakdown voltage is located in a third depth between the first and second depths. A defect layer with a defect peak is arranged between the second and third depths.

The invention discloses a multicomponent gas adsorption simulation experiment method and a multicomponent gas adsorption simulation experiment device. The device includes a quantitative gas-charging system, an isothermal adsorption and desorption system, a vacuumizing device and a gas concentration analysis system. The method comprises the steps: firstly, carrying out high pressure gas injection experiments, injecting non methane gas by using high pressure to be mixed with methane, recording the adsorption equilibrium state of a coal body to the mixed gas, followed by, carrying out an isobaric diffusion experiment, and mixing the gas by using diffusion caused by concentration difference. Through qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis of two groups of experiments, the pressure effect can be separated from the comprehensive effects, and then a mechanism of action of the non methane gas on the methane in coal is studied. A complete set of experimental research system is developed, some technical problems under the isobaric diffusion experimental conditions are solved, diffusion problems of long diffusion path and small channels are solved, and the method and the device have important significance on studying adsorption characteristics of the gas in the coal.

Provided herein are biologic sample preparation and analysis systems that are rapid, portable, robust detection system for multiplexed detection of bio-threats, and which can be ruggedized to operate in harsh environments. A new method of detection called Combinatorial Probe Analysis (CPA), which provides an exponential increase in detection reliability, has been incorporated into these systems. This type of analysis greatly reduces false positives and false negatives; in addition it is reusable and eliminates special storage requirements for reagents. Specific technical advancements in the optimization of hybridization assays for nucleic acid detection on porous polymer monoliths (PPM) are also disclosed. Performing rapid and complete solubilization of viruses, vegetative bacteria and bacterial spores with an ultra high temperature solubilization protocol is also described. The systems provided herein provides the ability to perform rapid highly multiplexed analysis of a variety of bioagents, including bacteria viruses, and protein biotoxins. The systems and assays described herein are perform completely automated sample preparation and analysis, in a time frame of five minutes or less. The assay is simple in design allowing users in personal protective equipment to easily operate the system. The disclosed systems are robust, simple to use, and address the goals of the first responder community.

The embodiments of present invention provide method for imparting tone-controlled colors into colorless crystals such as gemstones or decorative objects by coating a atomically mixed thin film comprising of a color causing reagent and a toner material onto the surface of colorless gemstones or transparent crystals and subjecting them to a heat treatment to produce colors of desired shades in the crystals. The method employed is radiation-free, eco-friendly and avoid the use of any hazardous material. The method highlights that controlling the amount of toner material could easily control the shade of color induced by the colorant material. The coating of atomically mixed single film onto the surface of crystals results in reduction of diffusion time significantly at a reasonable temperature, to impart colors to crystals such as gemstones and colorless decorative objects.

The invention discloses a surface strengthening heat treatment method capable of improving hardness gradient. The surface strengthening heat treatment method comprises the following steps: sectional warming and temperature equilibrium, high carbon potential strong permeability, temperature diffusion improvement, sectional cooling and temperature equilibrium, high-temperature tempering, quenching and low-temperature tempering. According to the surface strengthening heat treatment method provided by the invention, the surface hardness and abrasive resistance of parts can be improved, the hardness gradient is improved, the up-to-standard hardness depth is increased, fine granular carbides with dispersed distribution are obtained, the comprehensive mechanical property of parts is promoted, theheat treatment time is shortened, the production efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.

The invention discloses a method for processing quick-drying air-permeable fabric with double surfaces functioning differently. The method includes the steps of (1) preprocessing, mercerizing and whitening SORONA fiber textile to obtain a material A; (2) printing pigment on the material A and baking to obtain a material B; (3) performing antarafacial effect treatment on the material B by sizing C; (4) baking at low temperature, padding moisture absorption and sweat releasing agent, calendaring and preshrinking finally, wherein the sizing C with viscosity ranging from 16000 to 18000 mpa.s is formed by mixing, by mass, 10-15 parts of fluorocarbon, 2-5 parts of blocked isocyanate, 2-3 parts of thickening agent, 0.1-0.3 part of ammonia water containing 20% of ammonia by mass, 0.1-0.3 part of acid-releasing agent, with water. By the method, stability of the quick-drying air-permeable fabric with the double surfaces functioning differently can be improved, and washable capability of the fabric can be greatly improved.

The invention discloses a device for measuring the competitive adsorption quantity of carbon dioxide and alkane in shale. The device is characterized in that a reaction container cover is arranged at the upper end of a reaction container; a piston is arranged in the reaction container; the reaction container cover is communicated with a second three-way joint; the second three-way joint is connected with a first three-way joint; the second three-way joint is connected with a third three-way joint; the third three-way joint is connected with a first storage tank; the third three-way joint is connected with a second storage tank; electronic scales are arranged below the second storage tank and the first storage tank; the lower end of the reaction container is connected with a four-way joint; the four-way joint is connected with a pressure sensor; the four-way joint is connected with a metering pump; a first three-way valve is connected with a vacuum pump; and the first three-way valve is connected with an oil gas separator and a gas meter sequentially. The device has the advantages that whether adsorption is balanced or not is rapidly judged through pressure change, the problem that a shale core is difficult to take is solvd, experimental operation is simple and rapid, and the device has important guiding significance in applying CO2 to develop a shale oil reservoir.

The invention relates to a molecular sieve aluminum replenishment regeneration method which is mainly used for solving the problems that a regenerated catalyst of the prior art can not be repeatedly used for a long time and the regeneration process is complicated. The method counts a molecular sieve as the pure silicon molecular sieve during the regeneration process of the catalyst, uses 1 to 5 times of the needed molar ratio of silicon to aluminium to prepare aluminium salt solution with the aluminium concentration of 0.4 to 5 mol / L and carries out the contact with the catalyst, the filtration and the calcination to obtain the regenerated catalyst; therefore, the aluminum replenishment technical proposal can better solve the problems. The method can be used in the industrial production for the catalytic cracking of the naphtha to olefins.

A fast recovery diode (1) is provided, which comprises a base layer (2) of a first conductivity type with a cathode side (23) and an anode side (24) opposite the cathode side (23). An anode buffer layer (41) of a second conductivity type with a first depth (410) and a first maximum doping concentration is arranged on the anode side (24). An anode contact layer (42) of the second conductivity type with a second depth (420), which is lower than the first depth (410), and a second maximum doping concentration, which is higher than the first maximum doping concentration, is also arranged on the anode side (24). A space charge region of the anode junction at breakdown voltage is located in a third depth (430) between the first and the second depth (410, 420). Between the second and the third depth (420, 430), there is a defect layer (43) with a defect peak arranged.

The invention discloses an interdigital ultraviolet enhanced selective silicon photoelectric diode and a manufacture method thereof. The photoelectric diode comprises a P-type substrate, wherein an n well is disposed on the P-type substrate; photosensitive windows on the n well are interdigital or in an array arrangement of interdigital structure; the doping type of the interdigital structure is n-type and p-type alternatively. In the invention, the array arrangement of the interdigital structure is used, the depletion layer area of the diode is increased, and the absorption coefficient of ultrasonic lights is improved, so that the performances of the ultrasonic silicon selective photoelectric diode in the aspects of responsiveness and quantum efficiency are greatly improved; and the diode has wide application prospects in ultrasonic detectors.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-performance neodymium iron boron magnet by pressure impregnation of Dy<3+> / Tb<3+>, and belongs to the field of a rare earth permanent magnetic material. The method comprises the specific technological steps of carrying out orientation compacting and vacuum pre-sintering on neodymium iron boron to obtain a partially-compacted pre-sintered blank; then dissolving a Dy / Tb salt into an organic solvent, and filtering the Dy / Tb salt organic solvent in the interior of the neodymium iron boron pre-sintered blank through a pressure impregnation way; keeping a part of the Dy<3+> / Tb<3+> in the interiors of the pre-sintered blank pores, and then further carrying out sintering densification to generate Dy<3+> / Tb<3+> grain boundary diffusion so as to improve the coercivity of the sintered neodymium iron boron magnet. The method has the advantages that the magnet is not limited by the dimensions and shapes; the diffusion path and the diffusion time of the Dy<3+> / Tb<3+> are greatly shortened; and high consistency in improvement of the internal organizational structure of the magnet and the improvement of the performance is realized.

The invention relates to a gas detection method and a gas sensor based on planar annular microcavities. The method is mainly characterized in that two couplers consisting of the planar annular microcavities and biconical optical fibers are adopted, one is a gas detection coupler, and the other is a coupler in a vacuum environment. The gas detection method comprises the following steps: based on a principle that the absorption effect of evanescent wave on different gases changes the peak value of a transmitted spectrum, a transmitted spectrum of the gas detection coupler of gas to be detected and a transmitted spectrum of the coupler in the vacuum environment are utilized to contrast; and the detection of the variety and the concentration of the gas to be detected is realized through spectral changes of the transmitted spectrums. The gas sensor designed by the method has the advantages of short response time, relatively simple structure, extremely high sensitivity to virulent harmful gas with extremely low concentration and so on.

The invention discloses a self support high density metal oxide / nitrogen doped graphene composite electrode, and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite electrode is prepared by the following steps of firstly obtaining nitrogen doped graphene through water bath reaction; then, dispersing the nitrogen doped graphene into an organic solvent; dripping the organic solvent dissolvedwith metal salt; performing uniform dispersion; then performing hydrothermal reaction; preparing a powdery metal oxide / nitrogen doped graphene composite material; then, adding a small amount of graphene oxide so that the powdery metal oxide / nitrogen doped graphene composite material is uniformly dispersed into graphene oxide; preparing metal oxide / nitrogen doped graphene water gel through secondary hydrothermal reaction; finally performing slicing and natural shrinkage drying. The composite material has a self support structure; the density is greater than 1.0g / cm<3>; through a two-step hydrothermal method, an obtained electrode plate can be directly used as an electrode of a lithium ion battery or a sodium ion battery; the electric chemical performance of high volume capacity, high reversibility and high power performance is realized.

A manufacturing method is disclosed which ensures strength of a wafer and improves device performance. A thermal diffusion layer is formed from a front surface of a wafer. A tapered groove which reaches the thermal diffusion layer is formed from a back surface by anisotropic etching with alkaline solution. In-groove thermal diffusion layer is formed on side wall surfaces of the groove. A separation layer of a reverse blocking IGBT is configured of the thermal diffusion layer and the in-groove diffusion layer. The thermal diffusion layer is formed shallowly by forming the in-groove diffusion layer. It is possible to considerably reduce thermal diffusion time. By carrying out an ion implantation forming the in-groove diffusion layer and an ion implantation forming a collector layer separately, it is possible to select an optimum value for tradeoff between turn-on voltage and switching loss, while ensuring reverse blocking voltage of the reverse blocking IGBT.

The invention provides a phosphorous gettering method of a metallurgy polycrystalline silicon wafer, a silicon wafer and a solar cell prepared by the silicon wafer The phosphorous gettering method includes: corroding to remove a damaged layer on the surface of the silicon wafer; rinsing the silicon wafer and drying; subjecting the silicon wafer to gettering heat treatment in a diffusion furnace, wherein the diffusion phosphorous source flow volume ranges from 650 to 700ml / min, dry oxygen flow volume ranges from 500 to 700ml / min, diffusing temperature ranges from 920 to 970 DEG C, and the diffusing time ranges from 30-45min; cooling the silicon wafer; corroding to remove a getter layer and PN junctions generated on the surface of the silicon wafer due to phosphorus diffusion; rinsing the silicon wafer and drying to obtain the gettered metallurgy polycrystalline silicon wafer. Service life of the silicon wafer is obviously prolonged, and reverse leakage current and light attenuation of the solar cell prepared by the silicon wafer are obviously reduced. The phosphorous gettering method is short in diffusing time, so that production period is shortened, energy consumption is reduced, and industrial production is suited.

The invention discloses a method for preparing carbon coated nanometer LiFePO4 and belongs to the technical field of preparation of a positive pole material of a lithium ion battery. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving or dispersing nanometer iron phosphate, a nanometer lithium salt and a carbon source which are taken in a molar ratio of Fe to Li to C of 1:1: (1-5) to a solvent so as to obtain a stable and uniform nanometer fluid, and then rapidly removing the solvent in the nanometer fluid, thereby obtaining a uniformly mixed solid particle reactant; and roasting the uniformly mixed solid particle reactant in a hydrogen atmosphere, inert gas atmosphere or mixed gas atmosphere composed of hydrogen and inert gas, so as to obtain carbon coated nanometer LiFePO4. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is high in production efficiency and is easy to implement; and the size of the obtained carbon coated nanometer LiFePO4 particle is in a nanometer level and is narrow in distribution, and the carbon film of the particle is uniform, thereby being beneficial to improvements of ion transfer and conductivity and improvement of consistence of lithium ion battery positive pole materials.

A method manufactures lithium niobate or lithium tantalite wafer in stoichiometric proportion. Specific process is that putting the lithium niobate or lithium tantalite wafer in a sealed container, vacuumizing inner side of the sealed container, enabling vacuum level to be less than 0.5 Pa and maintaining a certain high temperature in the container, regulating branch pressure of various components inside by highly purified argon to prevent from chap on surface of the wafer; processing 60h to 120h to obtain manufactures lithium niobate or lithium tantalite wafer in stoichiometric proportion. Compared with conventional method (patent application number; 0114332.4), firstly, the invention that replaces multi-crystal material with lithium-comprising compound, by repeat use, reduces cost greatly; secondly, the invention improves lithium content in the atmosphere, improves spread speed and reduces spread time; thirdly, regulating lithium content in the atmosphere by argon to use the lithium compound with different vapor tensions.