The invention discloses water-based zinc ion battery colloidal electrolyte, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The colloidal electrolyte material is formed by adding a clay materialto liquid electrolyte and uniformly mixing the same. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding the clay material to conventional liquid electrolyte, thoroughly mixing the same understirring, and performing ageing to obtain uniform and stable colloidal electrolyte. The colloidal electrolyte prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has higher ionic conductivity than liquid electrolyte, a colloidal zinc ion battery has excellent performance, good safety, stable performance and higher specific capacity, maintains excellent cycle stability and shelving performance or the like at high and low current densities, and meets the requirements of the water-based zinc ion energy storage technology with high energy density and long life, thereby having a broad application development space.