The invention discloses a one-step fluorescence derivation method of reducing sugar and application thereof. By adopting reducing sugar as a raw material, the reducing sugar and a fluorescence labeling reagent fluorescein-5-amino-thiourea are subjected to a stirring reaction at room temperature to generate a sugar-FTSC derivative so that and various types of sugar such as lactose, uronic acid, maltodextrin and traditional Chinese medicine source reducing polysaccharide are labelled. Mass spectrum structure analysis, fluorescence spectrum and microscopic living cell imaging research are performed on an obtained product. Results show that the carbohydrazone derivative obtained by labeling has good stability and high fluorescence yield, and can be used for fluorescence derivative labeling andmicroscopic fluorescence imaging detection of reducible neutral and acidic oligosaccharides. The method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high reaction yield and simple operation, and can be used for large-scale synthesis and preparation of functional oligosaccharide probes; meanwhile, the method is suitable for researching mass spectrometry, chromatography, fluorescence, microscopic fluorescence imaging, flow cytometry and the like of reductive oligosaccharides and polysaccharide molecules, and has a wide application prospect in the field of life science.