The invention provides a method for simultaneously detecting 13 kinds of steroid hormones in serum. The method includes the following steps: a to-be-tested serum sample is mixed with an internal standard solution, a detection liquid is obtained by liquid-liquid extraction, and detection is performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; liquid chromatography conditions are that: a mobile phase A is a formic acid aqueous solution of 0.1%, and a mobile phase B is a formic acid methanol solution of 0.1%; mass spectrometry conditions are that: a positive ion mode employs a multi-reaction monitoring mass spectrometry scanning mode; and the 13 kinds of steroid hormones include pregnenolone, progesterone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17[alpha]-hydroxyprogesterone, 11[alpha]-hydroxyprogesterone, 21-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisone, aldosterone, and estrone. The method simultaneously detects the 13 kindsof steroid hormones with the detection time of only 6 minutes, and is easy to operate and takes less time; the sensitivity is high, the accuracy is good, the specificity is strong, a detection range is wide, and an application prospect in medical and biochemical detection fields is broad.