The invention relates to an all-water foaming cold-cure foam fireproof sealant and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of fireproof sealing materials. The all-water foaming cold-cure foam fireproof sealant is prepared from 100 parts of polylol, 38-50 parts of a liquid-state phosphate fire retardant, 110-120 parts of a powdered fire retardant, 2-5 parts of pigments, 1.8-4 parts of de-ionized water, 0.5-1.8 parts of a tertiary amine catalyst, 1.8-2.4 parts of an anti-hydrolysis temperature-sensitive catalyst, 1.8-2.5 parts of a chain extender, 0.4-0.6 part of high-activity silicone oil, 2.76-11 parts of a catalytic activation agent, 0.8-1.8 parts of a coupling agent and 64-169 parts of polyisocyanate. The all-water foaming cold-cure foam fireproof sealant has the beneficial effects that the substrate attaching force is more excellent, the light weight can be guaranteed, and the requirements on environment protection can also be met; a quaternary ammonium salt temperature-sensitive catalyst is used as an anti-hydrolysis gel catalyst and meets the field utilization requirements without heating conditions; and a formed foaming layer not only has excellent fire resistance, but also can be expanded to form a firm and dense carbon layer after a fire disaster occurs, so as to prevent flame from spreading and prevent heat propagation.