The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace smelting, and in particular relates to a method for maintaining and cooling a hot air duct system, comprising the following steps: step S1, after the blast furnace is completely stopped for wind, remove the tuyere blowing pipe and the elbow, and install the middle section blind plate; step S2, Turn on the combustion-supporting fan to cool down the reverse supply air. The cooling route is followed by the combustion-supporting fan, the combustion-supporting air pipe, the reverse supply air pipe, the mixing air pipe, the hot air main pipe, the hot air surrounding pipe and the reverse flow pipe, until the temperature drops to the first set value; step S3, close the air mixing valve, turn on the first axial flow fan to cool down until the cooling rate is less than the second set value; Step S4, turn on the second axial flow fan to cool down until the temperature drops to the third set value; Step S5, Install hot blast valve blinds, mixing valve blinds, and middle section blinds; check whether the piping system meets the operating conditions. The maintenance and cooling method of the hot air duct system of the present invention greatly improves the cooling efficiency, does not need to draw water in the cooling process, does not cause damage to refractory materials, and improves the safety guarantee capability of construction operations.