Alkaline / surfactant / polymer combinational flooding is an important tertiary oil recovery technology, and the invention provides an alkaline / surfactant / polymer combinational flooding optimization method based on parallel self-regulation differential evolution in order to scientifically formulate a development scheme and obtain better economic benefits. According to the method provided by the invention, firstly, a net present value is taken as a performance index, a seepage equation of an oil phase and an aqueous phase and a convective diffusion adsorption equation of alkaline, surfactant and polymer are taken as governing equations, a flooding agent coordination equation, a physicochemical parameter algebraic equation and a flooding agent boundary condition are taken as constraint equations, and the injection concentration of each flooding agent is taken as an optimization variable to establish an optimization model; secondarily, in order to improve the global and local search capability of a traditional differential evolution algorithm, improve a rate of convergence, and avoid entering local optimum, a parallel strategy is introduced into an evolutionary process and self regulation is carried out on a zoom factor, so that a new parallel self-regulation differential evolution algorithm is introduced; and finally, the algorithm is utilized to optimize the injection concentration of an alkaline / surfactant / polymer combinational flooding model so as to obtain an optimal injection and recovery strategy.