732results about "Diffusion analysis" patented technology

The present invention is directed to a method for determining the molecular weight and diffusivity of a sample solute by providing a plus shaped microchannel network on a microfluidic chip, having at least four microchannels intersecting at a cross point; flowing a sample stream comprising a sample solute of unknown diffusivity and a blank stream from separate microchannels through the cross point and out to separate microchannels; creating a sample curve measuring the concentration of the sample solute that diffuses from the sample stream to the blank stream at the cross point while altering the flowrate of one of the blank stream or the sample stream; and determining a diffusion coefficient of the sample solute by extrapolating data from similar curves of at least two solutes having known molecular weights and / or diffusion coefficients created under similar conditions as those generated by the sample solute.

The use of microfluidic structures enables high throughput screening of protein crystallization. In one embodiment, an integrated combinatoric mixing chip allows for precise metering of reagents to rapidly create a large number of potential crystallization conditions, with possible crystal formations observed on chip. In an alternative embodiment, the microfluidic structures may be utilized to explore phase space conditions of a particular protein crystallizing agent combination, thereby identifying promising conditions and allowing for subsequent focused attempts to obtain crystal growth.

An apparatus for measuring a property of a cigarette paper wrapper is provided and includes a sampling device having a first chamber portion capable of being engaged with a corresponding second chamber portion to define a sampling area configured to receive the wrapper such that the wrapper spans the sampling area and separates the chamber portions. A first gas source supplies a carrier gas to the first chamber portion and a second gas source supplies a detectable gas to the second chamber portion. An analyzer device in communication with the first chamber portion receives a resultant gas flow that includes the carrier gas and any of the detectable gas entering the first chamber portion through the wrapper. The analyzer device is capable of determining an amount of the detectable gas in the resultant gas flow so as to thereby determine a property of the cigarette paper wrapper, such as a diffusion coefficient with respect to the detectable gas. An associated method is also provided.

A device and a method for measuring fluid flow and solute mass transport in flow systems includes a casing (1) having inlet (3) and outlet (9) openings and a fluid passageway therebetween, the casing containing at least one fluid permeable insoluble adsorbent matrix (7) and at least one tracer material (5, 5′) located in the fluid passageway. The tracer material (5,5′) is a fluid permeable partially soluble material which at least prior to installation is not physically or chemically bonded to the adsorbent matrix (7) and is either mixed with the adsorbent matrix or is located in at least one section (4,4′) of the casing (1) separate from but in contact with at least one section (6,6′) of the casing holding the insoluble adsorbent matrix (7,7′). The device is intended to be installed in a medium having a fluid path therein.

An apparatus for measuring the effective vapor diffusion coefficient of a test vapor diffusing through a sample of porous media contained within a test chamber. A chemical sensor measures the time-varying concentration of vapor that has diffused a known distance through the porous media. A data processor contained within the apparatus compares the measured sensor data with analytical predictions of the response curve based on the transient diffusion equation using Fick's Law, iterating on the choice of an effective vapor diffusion coefficient until the difference between the predicted and measured curves is minimized. Optionally, a purge fluid can forced through the porous media, permitting the apparatus to also measure a gas-phase permeability. The apparatus can be made lightweight, self-powered, and portable for use in the field.

The invention discloses a method for determining in situ injection repair diffusion radiuses of contaminated soil and underground water. According to the method, points are distributed according to a triangle method, pitch-row is designed to be perpendicular to the flowing direction of the underground water, array pitch is in the flowing direction of the underground water, and the flow expansion of a repair reagent in the underground water within the reaction effective time is taken into account. The method comprises three steps: firstly, observation method: the repair reagent and a definite proportion of bromide ion serving as tracers are simultaneously injected into an aqueous stratum in the condition of high pressure whirl spraying injection. The diffusion of the reagent is judged by observing the phenomena of grout return and grout leaking between adjacent injection points; secondly, bromide ion tracer method: after the completion of injection, underground water depth setting rapid sampling is performed, the concentration of the tracers is rapidly detected in field, and the concentration of the bromide ion in the underground water is compared with a background value; thirdly, bromide ion tracer method and observation method: the optimum diffusion radiuses are determined through synthetic judgment. The method is applied to optimal design of diffusion radiuses and hole arrangement parameters and monitoring of injection effect in soil and underground water in situ injection tests and repair construction.

The invention discloses a combined measurement method for organic matter-rich compact rock core gas permeability and diffusion coefficient. The method utilizes a gas pressure attenuation device to accomplish. The device is composed of a rock core holder, a gas storage chamber, a vacuum pump, a confining pressure pump, and a computer. The rock core holder is connected to the vacuum pump and the confining pressure pump respectively, the inlet end of the rock core is connected to the gas storage chamber and a gas source, the outlet end of the rock core is in a closed state, and the device is located in a water-bath heating system. By monitoring the process of the gas in the gas storage chamber flowing to the rock core till balance, a gas pressure attenuation curve can be obtained, then according to a real gas state equation, material balance and the occurrence and flow mechanism of gas in rock, the attenuation curve is divided into a seepage stage and a diffusion stage, thus acquiring the gas permeability and diffusion coefficient. The method provided by the invention simplifies the testing procedure, improves the experimental analysis efficiency, and can provide data support for experimental evaluation of gas mass-transfer ability in shale, coal rock and other unconventional reservoir rocks, gas well productivity prediction and the like.

A dissolution test sample holder for testing topical formulations for dermal and / or transdermal drug delivery is disclosed. The holder has a cylinder tubular body with an end cap removably attached to one end. The end cap has a peripheral wall which frictionally engages the body to hold the end cap in place. A flange extends perpendicularly from the peripheral wall inwardly defining an aperture in the end cap and providing a support surface for a membrane held within the end cap. A ring is positioned within the end cap on the membrane, the membrane being sandwiched between the ring and the support surface. The ring protects the membrane by preventing contact between it and the body and provides a volume for holding the test sample in contact with the membrane.

An optical assembly comprising a light source, at least one sample vessel and a detector. The detector comprises a plurality of detector locations and the vessel comprises a wall and core of relative shape and dimensions adapted to contain a sample for detection and to define at least two spatially separated transmitted light paths, a first wall path which enters and exits the vessel walls only, spatially separated from a second core path which enters and exits the vessel walls and additionally the vessel core. The spatially separated wall and core paths are coupled to individual detector locations on the detector, a module or clip-on device therefor. Methods for detection and uses of the optical assembly are also disclosed.

A method for determining the diffusion radius of in-situ injection and remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. According to the triangle method, the hole spacing is perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction, the row spacing is along the groundwater flow direction, and the flow diffusion in the groundwater during the effective time of the remediation agent reaction is considered. Under high pressure rotary injection, the remediation agent and a certain proportion of bromide ions are simultaneously injected into the aquifer as a tracer. The diffusion of the agent is determined by observing the phenomenon of slurry-returning and slurry-channeling of adjacent injection points. After the completion of the injection, the groundwater is quickly sampled in fixed depth, the tracer concentration is quickly detected on site, and the concentration of bromide ions in the groundwater is compared with the background value. Comprehensive determination determines the optimal diffusion radius.

A method for determining a flux of a gas contained in a medium through a boundary of the medium comprises 1) measuring at least twice with a probe a concentration C of the gas over a time interval Δt and 2) determining the flux of the gas using the following mathematical equation: (I) where F is the gas flux, D is the diffusivity value and ΔC is a variation in the gas concentration during the time interval Δt. The probe is placed proximate the boundary. The probe has a gas inlet, a cavity, a gas concentration sensor and a membrane. Each element is in fluid communication with each other so that the gas flows from the gas inlet through the membrane and contacts the gas concentration sensor.F=(D∂C(z,t)∂z)z=0=DΔCπΔt(I)

The present invention is directed to a method for determining the molecular weight and diffusivity of a sample solute by providing a plus shaped microchannel network on a microfluidic chip, having at least four microchannels intersecting at a cross point; flowing a sample stream comprising a sample solute of unknown diffusivity and a blank stream from separate microchannels through the cross point and out to separate microchannels; creating a sample curve measuring the concentration of the sample solute that diffuses from the sample stream to the blank stream at the cross point while altering the flowrate of one of the blank stream or the sample stream; and determining a diffusion coefficient of the sample solute by extrapolating data from similar curves of at least two solutes having known molecular weights and / or diffusion coefficients created under similar conditions as those generated by the sample solute.

The conventional dielectric measurement method utilizes an interaction between a uniform electric field and a dipole moment, and hence a motion of nonpolar molecules without the dipole moments cannot be detected. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for electrically detecting the motion of the nonpolar molecule. According to the present invention, the motion of the nonpolar molecule is detected electrically by utilizing a nonuniform electric field in dielectric measurement. As a specific measurement method, comb-shaped electrodes or electrodes with irregularities on their surfaces are employed in the dielectric measurement in place of conventional parallel flat-plate electrodes. By utilizing the interaction between the nonuniform electric field generated by these electrodes and a quadrupole moment or a high-order electric moment, it has become possible to electrically detect the motion of the nonpolar molecule.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental hydraulics and water quality model analysis and relates to a rapid isoconcentration line observation method for river transverse diffusion coefficients. The rapid isoconcentration line observation method comprises the steps: firstly, converting a concentration distribution analytic solution of a river two-dimensional convection diffusion abbreviated equation under the condition of constant strength shores or central point source discharge to solve geometrical feature parameters and a standard curve equation of river pollutant concentration distribution isoconcentration lines / equal chromaticity lines, wherein the river two-dimensional convection diffusion abbreviated equation is generally used by a tracer testing method and ignores a longitudinal diffusion effect; then rapidly observing site isoconcentration lines of the river transverse diffusion coefficients. By means of shapes and ranges of the river pollutant concentrate distribution isoconcentration lines / equal chromaticity lines, the characteristics of tracer agent concentration distribution / pollution zones can be macroscopically reflected, and a total effect of transverse diffusion and mixing of a river to varieties of pollutant is better embodied. The method is simple and has convenience in operation, sampling and analyzing tracer agent concentration distribution is avoided, workload is small, cost is small, and observation data are accurate.

The invention relates to a grouting test device and a using method, belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering and mining engineering, and particularly discloses a visualized crack grouting testdevice and a visualized crack grouting test method for simulating multiple main control variables. The visualized crack grouting test device comprises a visualized crack grouting platform and a grouting system, wherein the visualized crack grouting platform comprises a crack grouting device consisting of an upper cover layer and a lower bottom plate and having a sealed space; artificial originalrock films are arranged on the opposite surfaces of the upper cover layer and the lower bottom plate respectively; sensors and a grouting hole are formed in the upper cover layer and / or the lower bottom plate; and the grouting system is connected to a liquid injecting hole and is used for injecting a slurry into the sealed space. Through the visualized crack grouting test device and the visualizedcrack grouting test method, the flow law of the slurry in a plate crack during drilling under the condition of different hydrostatic pressures or no water, no medium in the crack or full medium can be simulated, and a quantitative relationship between the diffusion radius of the viscous time-varying grouting slurry and the grouting pressure, the crack opening, the crack dip angle, the crack roughness, the specific gravity of the slurry and the water pressure environment is studied.

A device and a method for measuring fluid flow and solute mass transport in flow systems includes a casing (1) having inlet (3) and outlet (9) openings and a fluid passageway therebetween, the casing containing at least one fluid permeable insoluble adsorbent matrix (7) and at least one tracer material (5, 5′) located in the fluid passageway. The tracer material (5,5′) is a fluid permeable partially soluble material which at least prior to installation is not physically or chemically bonded to the adsorbent matrix (7) and is either mixed with the adsorbent matrix or is located in at least one section (4,4′) of the casing (1) separate from but in contact with at least one section (6,6′) of the casing holding the insoluble adsorbent matrix (7,7′). The device is intended to be installed in a medium having a fluid path therein.

The invention discloses a fractal derivative simulation method of the anomalous diffusion dynamic data reconstruction of data in concreate. The method comprises the following steps that: (1) determining an initial boundary condition; (2) determining the parameter of a diffusion equation; (3) adopting a difference method to enable a control equation to be discrete, adopting implicit scheme dispersing on an aspect of space, and determining a mesh point number according to a distribution scale of substances which need to be subjected to numerical simulation, and tidying the discrete control equation to obtain an equation set AC=b of a matrix form, wherein a time point number is Nt+1, and a space point number is Nx+1; (4) solving a linear equation set C=A / b to obtain the diffusion data of chloride ion concentration of any point x at a moment t; and (5) analyzing the diffusion data of chloride, and guiding engineering practice. By use of the method, the anomalous diffusion process and the time evolution characteristics of the condition in the concrete can be accurately simulated, peak value arrival time and advance speed in a chloride diffusion process are predicted, and a reliable guidance is provided for engineering structure design and prevention

The invention discloses an apparatus for measuring a diffusion coefficient during a shale oil carbon dioxide huffing-puffing process and a method thereof. According to the invention, a radial rock core holding unit, a confining pressure pump and a first pressure transducer are connected with a first three-way connector, a simulation oil saturation pump, a third pressure transducer and the radial rock core holding unit are connected with a fourth three-way connector, the radial rock core holding unit and a vacuum pump are communicated with outside through a third three-way connector, the radialrock core holding unit and a CO2 high-pressure container are connected, the CO2 high-pressure container, a second pressure transducer, and a CO2 gas tank are connected with a second three-way connector, and the confining pressure pump, the CO2 high-pressure container, the radial rock core holding unit, the simulation oil saturation pump, the first pressure transducer, the second pressure transducer, the third pressure transducer, the first three-way connector, the second three-way connector, the third three-way connector, and the fourth three-way connector are capable of controlling the temperature through a thermotank. The CO2 adsorption dissolving by shale and diffusion coefficient under crude oil expansion condition are considered, so that the apparatus and the method have important guidance meaning for designing an on-site exploitation scheme.

A method and device for determining the concentration of analytes in a sample. The device has a surface with an extraction coating thereon. The method is carried out while the sample is highly agitated to maintain a substantially constant boundary layer. The sample is brought into contact with the coating for a limited time so that all the analytes that pass through the boundary layer are adsorbed by the coating. The amount of analytes in the coating is determined and the concentration of those same analytes in the sample is then calculated from the diffusion coefficient of the analytes. The device is first calibrated using analytes of known concentration.

The invention discloses a visual splitting grouting diffusion process simulation test device and a using method. The device comprises a model box, a grouting device, an image real-time collection system and a ground stress loading system; the model box is composed of a transparent shell; a transparent material simulating a grouting environment is arranged in the transparent shell; a grouting hole is formed in the transparent shell so as to accommodate slurry injected by the grouting device; the ground stress loading system is composed of air injecting equipment and a flexible airbag; the flexible airbag wraps the model box; the air injecting equipment applies stress to the model box through the flexible airbag; and the flexible airbag is transparent so as to enable the image real-time collection system to collect variations of the model box and the flexible airbag, realize visual simulation of the splitting grouting slurry diffusion process and track the splitting grouting diffusion process. With adoption of the visual splitting grouting diffusion process simulation test device and the using method, visual simulation of the splitting grouting slurry diffusion process is realized, so that the splitting grouting diffusion process of slurry in a soil body is visual.

The invention discloses an asphalt mixture penetrating type water steam diffusion coefficient detection method. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a moulded cylindrical asphalt mixture sheet sample, injecting a solution for adjusting relative humidity into a container with a uniform size, covering the opening of the container by the bottom of the sample, sealing the contact parts between the sample and the containing opening, then placing the container and the sample into an environment box with controllable constant temperature and humidity; through the environment box, controlling the overall temperature and relative humidity out of the container, through the solution in the container, controlling the relative humidity in the container to obtain humidity difference in and out of the container; and through a formula, calculating the water steam diffusion coefficients under different relative humidity differences at different test temperatures. The provided method can measure asphalt mixture penetrating type water steam diffusion coefficients under different relative humidity differences at different temperatures, the reasonability of test scheme and operation convenience are both prominently improved, and at the same time, the test precision is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a visual test device for penetration grouting of broken coal and rock mass and a test method of the visual test device. The device comprises a fully transparent grouting barrel, wherein the lower end of the fully transparent grouting barrel is connected with a base, a sealing pressure head and a hollow loading pressure head are arranged at the upper end, a sealing ring is arranged around the sealing pressure head, and an exhaust pipe and an exhaust valve are arranged at the top; an electric cement mixing station, a controllable high-pressure pneumatic grouting pump anda digital display multi-element information monitoring system are communicated with a grouting conveying hole and a base grouting hole in the base through a high-pressure-resistant grouting pipe and aflange plate; a high-speed video camera is used for observing the diffusion form and the whole process of slurry containing non-radioactive tracers such as alizarin red or carmine in the broken coaland rock mass in real time. The device and the method have the beneficial effects that the device is transparent and visible, reasonable in structure, simple to manufacture, low in cost, safe to operate and reliable to use.

The invention belongs to the field of mechanics of rock flow through porous media, and relates to a method for water-containing homogeneity detection and diffusion coefficient calculation of rock sample based on a digital image. The method includes steps of (1), collecting a rock sample of a target rock zone, and preparing a rock sample and red ink solution for a steeping test; (2), acquiring an image of sample surface chromatic aberration during the humidity diffusion process; (3), identifying and extracting color grey value of a rock sample; (4), calculating the variance of the grey value ofthe rock cross section pixel; (5), performing regressive analysis on the grey value of the rock cross section pixel and the selected rock water content; (6), building up a numerical value model applicable to the diffusion of the rock humidity by means of the diffusion position data in the humidity diffusion test, and inverting the diffusion coefficient. Through the water containing homogeneity detection of the rock sample, an image identifying procedure applicable to the water containing distribution image of the rock sample is compiled, and exact input parameter is provided for the varianceof the calculated image grey value, thereby improving the forecasting precision of the water containing homogeneity.

The invention belongs to the technical field of leakage gas monitoring and discloses a gas diffusion speculation system and method for dynamic environment monitoring. The system comprises an information acquisition module and a remote monitoring center, wherein the information acquisition module is used for acquiring a coordinate of a gas leakage source in a geological coordinate system, acquiringleakage intensity of the gas leakage source and acquiring an average wind direction and an average air speed of the gas leakage source in a geological position; the information acquisition module isused for transmitting acquired data to a remote monitoring center; the remote monitoring center is used for speculating leakage gas concentrations at different points to be detected in a gas leakage source area according to the acquired data, confirming a diffusion range of a leaked gas according to the leakage gas concentrations at different points to be detected, and dividing dangerous areas. The system can be widely applied to monitoring and sequential management on various dangerous accidents, and emergent response capabilities of accidents can be greatly improved.

A method and device for determining the concentration of analytes in a sample. The device has a surface with an extraction coating thereon. The method is carried out while the sample is highly agitated to maintain a substantially constant boundary layer. The sample is brought into contact with the coating for a limited time so that all the analytes that pass through the boundary layer are adsorbed by the coating. The amount of analytes in the coating is determined and the concentration of those same analytes in the sample is then calculated from the diffusion coefficient of the analytes. The device is first calibrated using analytes of known concentration.

The invention discloses a construction method of a multi-scale prediction model of a chloride ion diffusion coefficient of prestressed concrete. The method is characterized by: regarding the concreteas a cement-based composite material composed of different-scale materials, establishing prediction models of chloride ion diffusion coefficients of the different-scale cement-based materials in sequence with gradual transition from small-scale hardened cement slurry to large-scale concrete, then considering influences which are of prestress inside the prestressed concrete and on chloride ion diffusion thereof, and finally, establishing the multi-scale prediction model of the chloride ion diffusion coefficient of the prestressed concrete. According to the method, influences of prestress levelson chloride ion diffusion are studied by starting from multi-scale structure formations of the cement-based materials, and the established multi-scale prediction model of the chloride ion diffusion coefficient of the prestressed concrete has very important significance for chloride ion penetration resistance study and durability design of the prestressed concrete.

The invention discloses a visual saturated dynamic water-bearing sand bed permeation grouting test device and method. The visual saturated dynamic water-bearing sand bed permeation grouting test device comprises a visual model box, a grouting pump, a sprinkling plate, an oil pump, a constant head water tank, a laser sheet source transmitter, an industrial camera and a data collection system, wherein slurry is injected into the visual model box by the grouting pump through a slurry delivery pipe; openings are uniformly formed in a bottom plate; a layer of filter net covers the bottom plate; an oil receiving tank is arranged at the bottom of the visual model box and connected with the oil pump through an oil delivery pipe; the oil pump is connected with the constant head water tank; a locating water tank is also connected with the sprinkling plate connected to the top of the visual model box through the oil delivery pipe; the laser sheet source transmitter is arranged at one side of the visual model box; laser light emitted from the laser sheet source transmitter penetrates through transparent soil through the visual model box to form a uniform speckle field; the shooting direction of the industrial camera is located in a normal direction of a laser plane; and the camera is connected with the data collection system and records the change of the speckle field in real time.

The invention discloses a hydrodynamic grouting test device simulating different filler gaps and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The device is based on the research of the bentonite slurry diffusion rule in sandy soil filled gaps and experimental study on grouting and water plugging effects under the hydrodynamic condition. Grouting is performed under the condition that head pressure, water injection flow, grouting pressure and other parameters are set well, a specially made rubber pad is laid in a test model box, grouting pipes and pressure measuring devices are arranged at corresponding small holes, the outer end of the box is connected with a water injection device, a grouting device and a waste liquid collecting device, slurry preparation is performed, and grouting is performed after water injection is conducted on the device. According to the grouting method under the hydrodynamic condition, a one-dimensional grouting simulation test is performed, the pressure distribution situation during grouting in filled gaps under the seepage condition and the change rule of diffusion with slurry are researched, and the grouting efficiency is improved.

The subject disclosure presents systems and computer-implemented methods for evaluating a tissue sample that has been removed from a subject. A change in speed of the energy traveling through the sample is evaluated to monitor changes in the biological sample during processing. The rate of change in the speed of the energy is correlated with the extent of diffusion. A system for performing the method can include a transmitter that outputs the energy and a receiver configured to detect the transmitted energy. A time-of-flight of acoustic waves and rate of change thereof is monitored to determine an optimal time for soaking the tissue sample in a fixative.