1167 results about "Aquifer" patented technology

This invention discloses advanced means for the formulation and preparation of solid-chemical compositions which provide sources of water-soluble nutrients, electron acceptors and other agents for agriculture and waste-treatment, in particular, the bioremediation of contaminated environmental media. The disclosed formulations and means of production of the slow-release solid-chemical compositions of the present invention utilize a novel and economical "biphasic" chemical-system technology which involves a combination of a first "nutrient" component (1) which comprises water-soluble nutrients and other biologically utilizable substances with a second component (2) which comprises an inorganic geochemical-binder system. The simplest embodiment of the geochemical-binder system comprises one or more salts of phosphoric acid. In the preferred embodiments of the present invention intended for the slow-release of the ingredients contained in the "nutrient" component (1), the geochemical-binder system of component (2) comprises a combination of one or more salts of phosphoric acid with a inorganic binder matrix preferably containing a mixture of low-solubility carbonates, carbonate minerals, phosphates and phosphate minerals. The different embodiments of the geochemical-binder system of this invention allows a wide variation of formulations of the nutrient component (1) to be prepared in both conventional and slow-release forms using an improved high-shear granulation process whereby the dangerous chemicals typically used in the granulation process are largely or completely replaced with water. The present invention discloses means by which such compositions can be economically prepared in large quantities so as to meet the specific needs of different sectors of the agricultural / agribusiness and phytoremediation / bioremediation markets. The disclosed solid-chemical compositions of the present invention provide improved, cost-effective means for slowing and controlling the release-rate profiles of water-soluble nutrients, such as nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich compounds, and improved means for enhanced and / or time-targeted nutrient uptake by plants and microorganisms. The present invention also provides improved means for the reduction of nutrient run-off from agricultural areas into surface waters and means of preventing or minimizing nutrient-contamination of ground-water aquifers.

The present invention provides an evaluation method and an evaluation device for water breakthrough risk of gas wells in gas reservoirs with aquifers, the method comprising the following steps: building evaluation factors that influence water breakthrough risk of gas wells in gas reservoirs with aquifers; acquiring weight vectors of the evaluation factors based on an analytic hierarchy process; building a fuzzy relationship matrix between the water breakthrough risk of gas wells in gas reservoirs with aquifers and its evaluation factors; and synthesizing the fuzzy relationship matrix and the weight vectors according to a weighted average fuzzy synthesis operator, to acquire a comprehensive evaluation result of water breakthrough risk of gas wells in gas reservoirs with aquifers. The present invention improves the accuracy of the evaluation result of water breakthrough risk of the gas wells, and is able to obtain an evaluation result that is more consistent with the case of actual water breakthrough of gas wells in gas reservoirs with aquifers.

A method of extraction of fuels, organic pollutants, and elements from Methane hydrate deposits, shale seams and the soil is described which freezes the zone and heats the center carrying the fuel, chemicals and water in these deposits and seams from where they are found, be it deep in the sea or on land, and carries them into the condensing unit in inert Nitrogen gas. Required drilling on the surface or sea bottom includes a main shaft and with auxiliary narrow drillings widely spaced from the shaft. The extraction zone, which is first cooled to brittle cold using the evaporation of Liquid Nitrogen and fractured with vibrations, is heated to the highest temperature of the hydrocarbon fraction desired to be extracted. The evaporating hydrocarbons are extracted in a Nitrogen gas carrier, a recognized fire suppressant (NFPA Code 2000). To speed the extraction rate, tonal input from two or more sounding units vibrates the seam structure freeing the evaporated hydrocarbons allowing more rapid escape into the shaft. To prevent air loss in aquifers, ice barriers seal the zone periphery. These hydrocarbons are separated into the hydrocarbons fractions, into fuel fractions as heating oil, kerosene, gasoline, ethers, and fuel gas including methane, Argon / Oxygen and rare gas segments, or, if pollutants, into the separate chemicals by boiling point. The thermal gradient of the extraction pipe is implemented by sourcing the Nitrogen from Liquid Nitrogen and bundling those pipes with the extraction pipe condensing its contents by hydrocarbon fractions into vessels and gas drums depending on boiling points of fractions. Water is separated from the gasoline segment and purified first by separation and then by freezing. The extraction of deep deposits layer the extraction zones as well as work neighboring extraction zones covering many acres. Fuel gases can be liquefied or burned in an on-site electric generating plant.

The present invention provides a method, a system and a program storage device containing instructions for simulating the flow of fluid in a physical system using a composition-based extensible object-oriented program. A computer program includes: (i) a framework subsystem providing a graph package, a compute package and a property package; (ii) an engine subsystem including engine subsystem packages for performing numerical simulation, the engine subsystem packages including a linear solver package and a non-linear solver package; and (iii) a set of model components providing physical and numerical modeling behaviors utilized by the engine subsystem, the model components including at least one of a reservoir model, a well model, an aquifer model, a fluid model and a SCAL model. The framework subsystem, the engine subsystem and the model components work with one other to simulate the flow of fluid. Preferably, a partition package is used to create a partition of subsets of node and edge indices which can be used optimize computations by the program.

One embodiment of the present invention is a system comprising one or more subsystems, which can be practiced alone or in combination, which together allow for monitoring of groundwater, rock, and casing for production flow and leakage of hydrocarbon fluids. A flow measurement subsystem measures flow of hydrocarbons in the horizontal casing string. A well mechanical integrity monitoring subsystem monitors the mechanical integrity of the natural gas production well, including the junctures of a completed well. An aquifer monitoring subsystem directly monitors water aquifer(s) underneath and surrounding a natural gas production well or pad, including monitoring wells or existing water wells. A communication subsystem is used to communicate measurements taken downhole to the surface. The present invention may be used to enhance the production from a gas bearing shale formation, mitigate liability associated with hydrocarbon migration, and monitor for a loss of mechanical integrity of a well.

A vulnerability assessment method of water inrush from an aquifer underlying coal seam includes steps of: collecting main control factors determined by geological data of a target area to be assessed; quantifying relevant data against the main control factors to form thematic maps; performing normalization processing against attribute data corresponding to the respective thematic maps; establishing databases of normalized attribute data corresponding to the normalized thematic maps by utilizing GIS; determining a weight of each main control factor based on a constant weight model; determining a variable weight of each main control factor based on a zonation variable weight model; performing composite superimposition on the normalized thematic maps of the respective single main control factors, and newly building a topological relation of the relevant data among the attribute databases for performing multi-factor fitting analysis; and establishing a vulnerability assessment model based on the zonation variable weight model.

The invention discloses a geomechanics test platform for the water invasion regularity of a mine, which comprises a base, a box body, a reaction frame, a pressurized jack, a hydraulic control system and a data acquisition system and the like. When simulating the water invasion of the mine, test material is paved in the box body according to a calculated similarity ratio; an electrode, a stress sensor and a pore water pressure sensor are paved on a coal seam bottom plate by layers; and a data cable is led out from a pore preserved on a side surface. By filling water into the paved test material through the bottom plate of the box body, when the water in an aquifer is saturated, a pore preserved for coal mining in the front of the box body is opened for excavation, simultaneously, the hydraulic control system continue to fill water according to the pre-calculated water pressure, and the data acquisition system is started to record the test data until water invasion occurs at the bottom plate, and then excavation is stopped and the test is ended. The system structure is simple, can effectively simulate the water invasion regularity of the mine, and solves the problems that the indoor test can not simulate the role of seepage and erosion of confined water.

An analytical framework and modeling process for assessing salinity contamination of soil ecosystems in geographical areas related to oil and gas production sites combines detection and monitoring of unplanned saltwater releases from such production activities with soil impact prediction. The analytical framework and modeling process enables an assessment of risks associated with saltwater disposal from drilling operations to the surrounding environment and the impact on soils, aquifers, rangeland, cropland, and adjoining areas by monitoring water movement and other soil conditions, and generating predictive output data for landowners, farmers, oil and gas production site operators, governmental regulators, and other end users for contamination mitigation and agricultural activities.

The present invention relates to the use of microbial biofilms and microbial induction of calcium carbonate precipitation to sequester gases in underground geological formations. In one embodiment, methods of the invention can be used to prevent the leakage of supercritical CO2 in underground geological formations such as aquifers.

A double-pipe geothermal water circulating apparatus including an outer pipe having a geothermal water supplying strainer for infiltrating geothermal water from an aquifer and a geothermal water returning strainer for returning used geothermal water to the aquifer, a thermal insulation inner pipe composed of a thermal insulator that forms a flow channel with the outer pipe, a pump for pumping the geothermal water from the thermal insulation inner pipe, a heat source supplying force feed pipe for force-feeding pumped geothermal water to an heat exchanger and a heat source reusing pipe connected to the flow channel for returning the used geothermal water to the aquifer. Also, the double-pipe geothermal water circulating apparatus is provided therein with the flow channel from the geothermal water returning strainer to the geothermal water supplying strainer that is not separated, whereby geothermal water can flow therethrough.

This invention relates to a process utilizing natural carbon-13 isotope for identification of early breakthrough of injection water in oil wells. All natural water sources are labeled by unique ratios of carbon isotopes (13C / 12C). Following the requirements of the invention, the carbon isotope ratio for oil bearing formation water and for local aquifer water which is to be injected in to the oil reservoir rock is determined. The carbon isotope ratio of the produced water from the selected oil wells is then monitored periodically. When the carbon isotope ratio of the produced (oil well) water shows deviation from the formation water value and tends towards injection water value, then the early breakthrough phenomenon of injection water is identified. Thus the contrast in natural carbon isotope ratios of injection water, formation water and produced water from selected oil wells serve as tracer in the identification of “Early Breakthrough” phenomenon of injection water and its movement.

The present invention provides a system for treating carbon dioxide, and a method by which such treated carbon dioxide can be stored underground at low cost and with high efficiency. The present invention' method for storing carbon dioxide underground includes: a step for pumping up to the ground groundwater from a pumping well in a deep aquifer, and then producing injection water. Carbon dioxide that has been separated and recovered from exhaust gas from a plant facility is changed into the bubbles. The bubbles are mixed with the injection water, and hereby produces a gas-liquid mixture a step for injecting into. The deep aquifer is injected into the gas-liquid mixture from the injection well. The method preferably further includes a step for dissolving a cation-forming material in the injection water, and a step for injecting the injection water, in which the cation-forming material is dissolved, into the deep acquifer at its top and above the place at which injection water has already been injected.

A device for simulating exploitation of a natural gas hydrate in a permeable boundary layer includes a high pressure reaction kettle, a formation simulation unit and an aquifer maintaining unit. A water bath jacket externally connected with constant temperature water bath is arranged on the outer wall of the high pressure reaction kettle for providing a necessary temperature condition for the high pressure reaction kettle. A simulative well at the center of the top of the high pressure reaction kettle is connected with liquid injection, gas injection, gas production and water production equipment. An aquifer interface at the bottom of the high pressure reaction kettle is connected to the aquifer maintaining unit through a pipeline. The simulation device simulates the geological environment of a hydrate reservoir, allowing comprehensive evaluation of hydrate exploitation under different formation permeability and different formation pressure gradients.

The invention relates to a roof water control method based on presplitting and grouting modification. The roof water control method includes the following steps that first, the height of a water diversion fissure zone on the working surface is determined; second, fracturing and grouting are carried out before determining extraction of the working surface; third, fracturing horizon and grouting horizon are determined; fourth, the fracture and grouting plane range and thickness are determined; fifth, horizontal holes of a roof stratum are subjected to hydraulic fracturing, hydraulic fracturing is carried out on the rock stratum through horizontal branch holes of the construction ground, and an original continuous medium is fractured into a discontinuous medium; and sixth, roof stratum grouting is conducted, and the water-passing capacity of the rock stratum is greatly reduced. Thereby, the roof water control method fractures the rock stratum with good continuity into a discontinuity rockstratum, then a grouting technology is adopted to transform the rock stratum into a relatively weak waterproof protective layer to achieve the dual purposes of inhibiting upward development of the water diversion fissure zone and weakening the permeability of the rock stratum, and thus the water yield of aquifer underground water of a coal roof pouring into the coal face through the water diversion fissure zone is decreased.

The invention discloses a method for preparing NZVI (nano-scale zero-valent iron) from green tea as well as an application of a suspension of the NZVI. The method comprises technological steps as follows: A, preparing a green tea dissolution solution; B, preparing a ferric trichloride solution; C, preparing the GT-NZVI (green tea-NZVI) suspension. The prepared GT-NZVI has the advantages of good suspension stability, simple preparation technology, low cost, environment-friendliness, good stability, high penetrability in an aquifer and capability of quickly and thoroughly removing hexavalent chromium in sewage and underground water.

The invention belongs to the technical field of waterproofing plugging of tunneling overexcavation gaps, and particularly relates to a shield burial method for receiving and plugging an overexcavation gap in high-water-pressure stratum. The invention solves the problem that the existing overexcavation gap waterproofing plugging technique is not suitable for high-water-pressure stratum, has high risk for shield receiving and can easily induce accidents. The method comprises the following steps: preserving a shield receiving well; breaking the wall of the shield receiving well to chisel out an annular groove, and laying freezing pipes in the annular groove; filling water into the shield receiving well, or filling water after filling soil; impelling the shield machine until only the shell of the shield tail is still in the entrance / exit ring of the tunnel; starting freezing, and injecting grout into the overexcavation gap; pumping water when the shield receiving well is isolated from the outside confined aquifer; and after pumping water to remove silt, cutting off part of the shield tail, and lifting out the disassembled shield machine, thereby completing receiving. The invention has the beneficial effects of ensuring that the shield can be received in the high-pressure fine sand layers and other severe strata, and preventing catastrophic accidents in shield receiving in unfavorable strata.

The invention relates to an advanced detection method for focusing chromatography induced polarization of underground engineering. The advanced detection method comprises the following steps of: arranging a circle of shield electrodes A1 on a contour line of an operating surface of the underground engineering by utilizing a focusing operating manner and arranging a plurality of parallel measuringlines on parts with different heights from a base plate to a top plate firstly, wherein the measuring lines are provided with power supply electrodes and receiving electrodes, and the base plate is also provided with power supply electrodes and receiving electrodes; acquiring data layer by layer by utilizing a chromatography method; carrying out inversion on measuring line potential difference data obtained through measurement to obtain a three-dimensional resistivity image of a geologic body in the front of the operating surface; drawing a relation coordinate graph of difference data and horizontal distances of half time by using the half time obtained through measurement, calculating an envelope area St of half time difference and abscissa axis, and drawing a two-dimensional profile mapof the envelope area St to realize estimation of the quantity of water in the front of the operating surface. The advanced detection method for the focusing chromatography induced polarization of theunderground engineering, disclosed by the invention, has excellent advanced detection directivity, realizes three-dimensional location of an aquifer and solves problem of incapability of location in a traditional focusing electric method during single-point measurement.

The invention relates to a computer system and method for simulating transport phenomena in a complex system. The computer system comprises memory means, storage means, and an object-oriented software product. The software product comprises an object-oriented extensible class hierarchy comprising a first set of generic classes that represent a plurality of object types and a second set of generic classes that represent member variables for the object types. The extensible class hierarchy permits the addition of additional object types or additional member variables without any modifications to the class hierarchy itself. The invention is particularly useful in simulating a hydrocarbon system that may include one or more of the following: a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation, injection wells that penetrate the formation, production wells that penetrate the formation, surface flowlines, associated aquifers, and surface fluid processing facilities.

The invention discloses a dynamic water quicksand stratum reinforcement grouting diffusion rule visual simulation experimental device and method. The device comprises an experimental box, a hydraulic pressure control loading system, a vertical hydraulic loading mechanism and a lateral hydraulic loading mechanism, a double liquid chemical grouting system and a test system connected to a computer. The method adopts an engineering geomechanical experimental model with a coal measure stratum physical analog simulation material, a waterproof stratum and an aquifer of certain height filled in the experimental box, aquifer grouting and water-plugging reinforcement visual physical simulation test is carried out hermetically under the conditions of circulating dynamic water pressure and vertical and horizontal lateral stress to acquire or quantitatively describe and analyze the diffusion rule of double liquid chemical grout in the water-bearing sandstone layer or quicksand layer, thus realizing visual simulation experiment of the double liquid component chemical grouting and water-plugging process under a similar water burst or water inrush condition. The method can effectively recognize and reveal the slurry diffusion and consolidation characteristics under a mining dynamic water condition, determine rational grouting and water-plugging parameters, and evaluate the grouting effect.

An airborne exploration system used with an aircraft for shallow and deep exploration for oil and gas, mineral deposits and aquifers. The survey system uses natural electromagnetic EM fields as an energy source. The exploration system includes a pair of aerodynamic housing pods adapted for mounting on wing tips of the aircraft. The housing pods include electric field sensors with three orthogonal electric dipoles oriented along an X, Y and Z axis. An optional third set of orthogonal electric dipoles can be mounted in the tail of the aircraft. The field sensors are electrically attached to angular motion detectors mounted inside housing pods. The motion detectors are used for compensating for errors caused by angular motion of the aircraft when in the presence of strong electric field gradients. The system also includes a total field magnetometer mounted in the aircraft. The various filtered outputs of the magnetometer are used to provide phase and amplitude references for the similarly filtered and angular motion corrected outputs of the electric field sensors. The electric field data when normalized and phase referenced against the magnetic field data provides valuable geological and geophysical information related to the subsurface flow of telluric currents.

The invention relates to a transparent soil test method for simulating groundwater seepage of a drawdown and confined aquifer of a foundation pit. The method comprises the following steps: filling a model box with a transparent material in layers; installing a drawdown well pipe, sealing bearing plates and a tracer agent tube and connecting a pressure measuring plate; injecting a liquid into the model box to ensure that the supplemental water level is stable and fixed in the test process; starting the drawdown well pipe, continuously adjusting the pumping speed to reach the drawdown requirements; after the pumping speed is stable, releasing a tracer agent into the model box and shooting the flowing state of the tracer agent by a high-speed camera; and measuring pore-water pressure and change of different layers in the measurement test process by a pore-pressure measuring device. According to the transparent soil test method, the seepage path of the flow at the periphery of a waterproof curtain can be directly observed; related parameters of the seepage path law, the seepage speed and the like can be accurately analyzed through a picture shot by the high-speed camera; and the seepage law of the underground water in foundation pit rainfall is obtained by changing the insertion ratio of diaphragm walls, the length of a pumping filter pipe and the plane and section distances between different diaphragm walls and the filter pipe.

The invention relates to metal-treated particles, methods for their preparation and methods for using metal-treated particles for, e.g., remediation of process waste-water, sewage, contaminated groundwater aquifers, and soil containing harmful contaminants. Another aspect of the invention relates to a metal-treated particle comprising a ferrosoferric oxide core and a metal supported on the core, where the average diameter or other largest transverse dimension of the core is from about 75 nm to about 990 nm and the amount of metal supported on the core is from about 8% to about 22% by weight, based on the weight of the metal-treated particle.

A tube well and technologies for drainage, pressure reduction and dewatering pertain to the technical field of construction; the technical problem, the process optimization of the well points of a deep well dewatering function, is required to be solved; the tube well comprises a well pipe, a top-to-down vacuum pump, a filtering pipe, a submerged pump lower than the bottom of a foundation pit in the tube well, a top-to-down water-resisting clay for hole sealing, filter materials and water-resisting clay and filer materials lower than the foundation pit bottom outside the tube well, the invention also comprises a tube well water stopper inside the well pipe and below the submerged pump which meets the depth requirements of the submerged pump, matches with the diameter of the tube well and has the functions of easy adjustment and setting of depth and flexible water interception effect response. At the stage of drainage and dewatering stage, the water interception function of the water stopper is activated to facilitate the drainage and dewatering; and at the pressure reduction and dewatering stage, the water interception function is removed to realize the pressure reduction and dewatering of a confined aquifer. The invention has the advantages of lowing project cost, saving resources, accelerating construction progress, facilitating inside foundation pit operation, safe construction and easy operation.

The invention relates to coal mine underwater treatment technology, in particular to a stope face roof water pre-drainage construction method, which solves the technical problem of treatment of a water-bearing bed on a coal seam of a stope face. As the process of stoping on the stope face includes down stoping firstly and up stoping secondly, stope face roof water is drained in advance through roadways beside the stope face before stoping, a drill site chamber and a water bin are constructed at the lowest position of each of the roadways, two drainage pipelines are paved on each of the roadways, an independent drainage system is utilized, drainage holes are drilled in the drill site chamber towards the stope face roof, and water for drilling is led into the water bin through hoses directly and is drained by the drainage system of the roadways. Since roof water is drained in advance, water inflow during the stoping process is reduced effectively, troubles to production of coal mines due to the roof water are eliminated, affection of flood disaster to production is avoided, a safe and comfortable working environment is provided for the stoping operation, and conditions for stability and high yield of the stope face are created.

The invention discloses a construction method by adopting dewatering and water recharging to control sedimentation surrounding a deep foundation pit, which comprises the following steps that: quantity and depth of dewatering wells are accurately determined by calculating water inflow of the deep foundation pit under the action of pressure water and the construction quality of finished wells is guaranteed; aquifers and pervious beds of the soil outside the foundation pit are determined through a geological exploration report, a target soil layer to be recharged is calculated, and a steel sleeve is sent to the target soil layer through a method for drilling a slope inside the foundation pit; a high-level water tank is arranged on the top part of the foundation pit, the water outlet of the high-level water tank is connected with a recharging well opening, water inside the foundation pit is pumped by a high-pressure pump to the high-level water tank and then to be pressed to the recharging well through the high-level pressure and to reach the recharged target soil layer. By utilizing the method, the underground water level inside the foundation pit can be maintained at a set water level, so a favorable condition can be created to the project construction. At the same time, the underground water level outside the foundation pit is adjusted to be stably maintained within a warning level, so powerful guarantee can be created for the safety of roads and buildings outside the foundation pit.