1863 results about "Electron acceptor" patented technology

A hybrid organic solar cell (HOSC) with perovskite structure as absorption material and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The HOSC includes a conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, an active layer, a hole blocking layer and a negative electrode. The active layer has a light absorption layer (LAL) and an electron acceptor layer (EAL). The LAL is made of perovskite material represented by the following equation: CnH2n+1NH3XY3, n is positive integer form 1 to 9; X is Pb, Sn or Ge; and Y is at least one of I, Br or Cl. The EAL is made of at least one type of fullerene or derivatives thereof. A planar heterojunction (PHJ) is formed between the LAL and the EAL. The LAL has simple structure and fabricating process with relatively low cost, so that it is advantageous to carry out the mass production of HOSCs of flexible solid-state form.

This invention discloses advanced means for the formulation and preparation of solid-chemical compositions which provide sources of water-soluble nutrients, electron acceptors and other agents for agriculture and waste-treatment, in particular, the bioremediation of contaminated environmental media. The disclosed formulations and means of production of the slow-release solid-chemical compositions of the present invention utilize a novel and economical "biphasic" chemical-system technology which involves a combination of a first "nutrient" component (1) which comprises water-soluble nutrients and other biologically utilizable substances with a second component (2) which comprises an inorganic geochemical-binder system. The simplest embodiment of the geochemical-binder system comprises one or more salts of phosphoric acid. In the preferred embodiments of the present invention intended for the slow-release of the ingredients contained in the "nutrient" component (1), the geochemical-binder system of component (2) comprises a combination of one or more salts of phosphoric acid with a inorganic binder matrix preferably containing a mixture of low-solubility carbonates, carbonate minerals, phosphates and phosphate minerals. The different embodiments of the geochemical-binder system of this invention allows a wide variation of formulations of the nutrient component (1) to be prepared in both conventional and slow-release forms using an improved high-shear granulation process whereby the dangerous chemicals typically used in the granulation process are largely or completely replaced with water. The present invention discloses means by which such compositions can be economically prepared in large quantities so as to meet the specific needs of different sectors of the agricultural / agribusiness and phytoremediation / bioremediation markets. The disclosed solid-chemical compositions of the present invention provide improved, cost-effective means for slowing and controlling the release-rate profiles of water-soluble nutrients, such as nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich compounds, and improved means for enhanced and / or time-targeted nutrient uptake by plants and microorganisms. The present invention also provides improved means for the reduction of nutrient run-off from agricultural areas into surface waters and means of preventing or minimizing nutrient-contamination of ground-water aquifers.

The present invention provides for novel metabolic pathways to reduce or eliminate glycerol production and increase product formation. More specifically, the invention provides for a recombinant microorganism comprising a deletion of one or more native enzymes that function to produce glycerol and / or regulate glycerol synthesis and one or more native and / or heterologous enzymes that function in one or more engineered metabolic pathways to convert a carbohydrate source, such as lignocellulose, to a product, such as ethanol, wherein the one or more native and / or heterologous enzymes is activated, upregulated, or downregulated. The invention also provides for a recombinant microorganism comprising one or more heterologous enzymes that function to regulate glycerol synthesis and one or more native and / or heterologous enzymes that function in one or more engineered metabolic pathways to convert a carbohydrate source to ethanol, wherein said one or more native and / or heterologous enzymes is activated, upregulated or downregulated.

Luminescent materials and the use of such materials in anti-counterfeiting, inventory, photovoltaic, and other applications are described herein. In one embodiment, a luminescent material has the formula: [AaBbXxX′x′X″x″][dopants], wherein A is selected from at least one of elements of Group IA; B is selected from at least one of elements of Group VA, elements of Group IB, elements of Group IIB, elements of Group IIIB, elements of Group IVB, and elements of Group VB; X, X′, and X″ are independently selected from at least one of elements of Group VIIB; the dopants include electron acceptors and electron donors; a is in the range of 1 to 9; b is in the range of 1 to 5; and x, x′, and x″ have a sum in the range of 1 to 9. The luminescent material exhibits photoluminescence having: (a) a quantum efficiency of at least 20 percent; (b) a spectral width no greater than 100 nm at Full Width at Half Maximum; and (c) a peak emission wavelength in the near infrared range.

Luminescent materials and the use of such materials in anti-counterfeiting, inventory, photovoltaic, and other applications are described herein. In one embodiment, a luminescent material has the formula: [AaBbXxX′x′X″x″][dopants], wherein A is selected from at least one of elements of Group IA; B is selected from at least one of elements of Group VA, elements of Group IB, elements of Group IIB, elements of Group IIIB, elements of Group IVB, and elements of Group VB; X, X′, and X″ are independently selected from at least one of elements of Group VIIB; the dopants include electron acceptors and electron donors; a is in the range of 1 to 9; b is in the range of 1 to 5; and x, x′, and x″ have a sum in the range of 1 to 9. The luminescent material exhibits photoluminescence having: (a) a quantum efficiency of at least 20 percent; (b) a spectral width no greater than 100 nm at Full Width at Half Maximum; and (c) a peak emission wavelength in the near infrared range.

The invention belongs to the technical field of polluted ground water remediation, and particularly relates to a method and a system by using micro-namo bubbles to perform reinforcement in-situ remediation on polluted ground water. The method comprises the steps of: arranging a water injection well at the upper reaches of a region with ground water polluted by pollutants, and feeding micro-nano bubble water containing nutrient salts; leading the micro-nano bubble water to flow to the polluted region with the ground water, so as to decompose the pollutants or continuously compensate electron acceptors or electron donors for microorganisms and facilitate degradation and removal of organic pollutants; at the same time, arranging a water pumping well to pump water at lower reaches of the polluted region, so as to form a subsurface flow field; and using a monitoring well to monitor and analyze parameters in real time during the process of removing the organic pollutants, and adjusting the generating time and the aeration intensity of the micro-nano bubbles. According to the invention, the micro-nano bubbles are good in oxygen supply effect, long in lasting time and wide in influencing range, the method and the system provided by the invention can make up the shortages of common in-situ remediation technologies such as natural degradation, bioventing and the like and are low in cost and high in energy-saving efficiency, thereby being applicable in remediation for a field with a limit area and a high pollution load.

Compositions and methods and apparatus for growth and maintenance of microorganisms and / or bioprocesses using one or more gases as electron donors, electron acceptors, carbon sources, or other nutrients, and for a bioprocess that converts hydrogen and carbon dioxide, or syngas, or producer gas into lipid products, bio-based oils, or other biochemical products.

The invention provides a fuel cell system and a method of generating electricity and reducing heavy metal through sewage treatment. The system comprises a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises a negative chamber and a positive chamber, a negative electrode and a positive electrode are separately arranged in the negative chamber and the positive chamber, the two chambers are provided with microbial active material and are separated by a proton exchange membrane, the sewage is introduced to the positive chamber of which microbial active material is used to treat the sewage, the negative chamber contains heavy metal ion solution and reduces heavy metal ions, the inside of the positive chamber generates electrons and electrons, and the electrons migrate to the negative chamber through the proton exchange membrane so that current is generated between the two chambers in the reactor and the bioreactor can treat the sewage while generating electrical energy. In the system and method, the heavy metal ion solution is used as electron acceptor so that oxygen is not needed to be filled; and the whole system has simple structure, low cost and easy operation and heavy metal can be recycled from the negative solution.