1868 results about "Electron acceptor" patented technology

Disclosed are compositions for an organic electroluminescent device favorably used for forming a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer of the organic electroluminescent device by a wet film forming method. The compositions for the organic electroluminescent device, which are composite solutions prepared by dissolving hole transport materials such as aromatic diamine compounds and an electron acceptor such as tri(pentafluorophenyl)boron in a solvent that contains an ether solvent and / or an ester solvent whose water solubility at 25° C. is 1 weight % or less in the solvent, with a concentration of 10 weight % or higher in the compositions.

A tandem light-emitting element employing an inverted-structure is provided. The light-emitting element includes a cathode, a first EL layer over the cathode, a second EL layer over the first EL layer, an anode over the second EL layer, and an intermediate layer. The intermediate layer is between the first EL layer and the second EL layer. The intermediate layer includes a first layer, a second layer over the first layer, and a third layer over the second layer. The first layer includes a hole-transport material and an electron acceptor. The third layer includes an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. The second layer includes an electron-transport material.

A hybrid organic solar cell (HOSC) with perovskite structure as absorption material and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The HOSC includes a conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, an active layer, a hole blocking layer and a negative electrode. The active layer has a light absorption layer (LAL) and an electron acceptor layer (EAL). The LAL is made of perovskite material represented by the following equation: CnH2n+1NH3XY3, n is positive integer form 1 to 9; X is Pb, Sn or Ge; and Y is at least one of I, Br or Cl. The EAL is made of at least one type of fullerene or derivatives thereof. A planar heterojunction (PHJ) is formed between the LAL and the EAL. The LAL has simple structure and fabricating process with relatively low cost, so that it is advantageous to carry out the mass production of HOSCs of flexible solid-state form.

A sensor that is sensitive to the presence of aqueous-based fluids is described. The sensor has a wetness indicating material immobilized or printed on a substrate. The indicating material contains at least one electron-donating leuco dye and one electron deficient receptor, and exhibits a visual signal (e.g., vivid or strong color intensity) in a dry state, which fades or disappears when in contact with a water-containing liquid. An absorbent article incorporating such a sensor to communicate to a user that the article has been exposed to water-containing fluids is also described.

The invention relates to an A-D-A conjugated molecule with dithiophene indacene as a core, and oligomerizing pentatomic aromatic heterocyclic rings as a bridging unit and electron withdrawing unit at the end, a preparation method thereof and an application of the molecule, as an active-layer electron donor or electron receptor material, in an organic solar battery. The A-D-A conjugated molecule can be processed by a solution method, has proper energy level, strong sunlight trapping capability and thermal stability, is an ideal material of the electron donor or the electron receptor in the organic solar battery, and has the following general-formula structure shown in the specification.

A composition for the formation of an electric field programmable film, the composition comprising a matrix precursor composition or a dielectric matrix material, wherein the dielectric matrix material comprises an organic polymer and / or a inorganic oxide; and an electron donor and an electron acceptor of a type and in an amount effective to provide electric field programming. The films are of utility in data storage devices.

This invention discloses advanced means for the formulation and preparation of solid-chemical compositions which provide sources of water-soluble nutrients, electron acceptors and other agents for agriculture and waste-treatment, in particular, the bioremediation of contaminated environmental media. The disclosed formulations and means of production of the slow-release solid-chemical compositions of the present invention utilize a novel and economical "biphasic" chemical-system technology which involves a combination of a first "nutrient" component (1) which comprises water-soluble nutrients and other biologically utilizable substances with a second component (2) which comprises an inorganic geochemical-binder system. The simplest embodiment of the geochemical-binder system comprises one or more salts of phosphoric acid. In the preferred embodiments of the present invention intended for the slow-release of the ingredients contained in the "nutrient" component (1), the geochemical-binder system of component (2) comprises a combination of one or more salts of phosphoric acid with a inorganic binder matrix preferably containing a mixture of low-solubility carbonates, carbonate minerals, phosphates and phosphate minerals. The different embodiments of the geochemical-binder system of this invention allows a wide variation of formulations of the nutrient component (1) to be prepared in both conventional and slow-release forms using an improved high-shear granulation process whereby the dangerous chemicals typically used in the granulation process are largely or completely replaced with water. The present invention discloses means by which such compositions can be economically prepared in large quantities so as to meet the specific needs of different sectors of the agricultural / agribusiness and phytoremediation / bioremediation markets. The disclosed solid-chemical compositions of the present invention provide improved, cost-effective means for slowing and controlling the release-rate profiles of water-soluble nutrients, such as nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich compounds, and improved means for enhanced and / or time-targeted nutrient uptake by plants and microorganisms. The present invention also provides improved means for the reduction of nutrient run-off from agricultural areas into surface waters and means of preventing or minimizing nutrient-contamination of ground-water aquifers.

A method of fabricating an organic optoelectronic device having a bulk heterojunction comprises the steps of: depositing a first layer over a first electrode by organic vapor phase deposition, wherein the first layer comprises a first organic small molecule material; depositing a second layer on the first layer such that the second layer is in physical contact with the first layer, wherein the interface of the second layer on the first layer forms a bulk heterojunction; and depositing a second electrode over the second layer to form the optoelectronic device. In another embodiment, a first layer having protrusions is deposited over the first electrode, wherein the first layer comprises a first organic small molecule material. For example, when the first layer is an electron donor layer, the first electrode is an anode, the second layer is an electron acceptor layer, and the second electrode is a cathode. As a further example, when the first layer is an electron acceptor layer, the first electrode is a cathode, the second layer is an electron donor layer, and the second electrode is an anode.

The present invention provides for novel metabolic pathways to reduce or eliminate glycerol production and increase product formation. More specifically, the invention provides for a recombinant microorganism comprising a deletion of one or more native enzymes that function to produce glycerol and / or regulate glycerol synthesis and one or more native and / or heterologous enzymes that function in one or more engineered metabolic pathways to convert a carbohydrate source, such as lignocellulose, to a product, such as ethanol, wherein the one or more native and / or heterologous enzymes is activated, upregulated, or downregulated. The invention also provides for a recombinant microorganism comprising one or more heterologous enzymes that function to regulate glycerol synthesis and one or more native and / or heterologous enzymes that function in one or more engineered metabolic pathways to convert a carbohydrate source to ethanol, wherein said one or more native and / or heterologous enzymes is activated, upregulated or downregulated.

The present invention provides a microorganism-derived soluble coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase which catalyzes a reaction for oxidizing glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor, has an activity to maltose as low as 5% or less, and is inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline. The invention also provides a method for producing the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase, and a method and a reagent for measuring employing the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase. According to the invention, the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase can be applied to an industrial field, and a use becomes possible also in a material production or analysis including a method for measuring or eliminating glucose in a sample using the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase as well as a method for producing an organic compound. It became also possible to provide a glucose sensor capable of accurately measuring a blood sugar level. Therefore, it became possible to provide an enzyme having a high utility, such as an ability of being used for modifying a material in the fields of pharmaceuticals, clinical studies and food products.

A non-aqueous air battery of the present invention includes a negative electrode for which a material which absorbs and releases lithium ions is used as a negative electrode active material, a positive electrode for which oxygen is used as a positive electrode active material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The positive electrode contains a donor-acceptor molecule in which an electron-donating donor (D) having a porphyrin ring is connected to an electron-accepting acceptor (A) composed of a fullerene derivative, with a conductive spacer therebetween. An example of the donor-acceptor molecule is triphenylporphyrinyl bithienyl N-methylpyrrolidino[60]fullerene.

Luminescent materials and the use of such materials in anti-counterfeiting, inventory, photovoltaic, and other applications are described herein. In one embodiment, a luminescent material has the formula: [AaBbXxX′x′X″x″][dopants], wherein A is selected from at least one of elements of Group IA; B is selected from at least one of elements of Group VA, elements of Group IB, elements of Group IIB, elements of Group IIIB, elements of Group IVB, and elements of Group VB; X, X′, and X″ are independently selected from at least one of elements of Group VIIB; the dopants include electron acceptors and electron donors; a is in the range of 1 to 9; b is in the range of 1 to 5; and x, x′, and x″ have a sum in the range of 1 to 9. The luminescent material exhibits photoluminescence having: (a) a quantum efficiency of at least 20 percent; (b) a spectral width no greater than 100 nm at Full Width at Half Maximum; and (c) a peak emission wavelength in the near infrared range.

Luminescent materials and the use of such materials in anti-counterfeiting, inventory, photovoltaic, and other applications are described herein. In one embodiment, a luminescent material has the formula: [AaBbXxX′x′X″x″][dopants], wherein A is selected from at least one of elements of Group IA; B is selected from at least one of elements of Group VA, elements of Group IB, elements of Group IIB, elements of Group IIIB, elements of Group IVB, and elements of Group VB; X, X′, and X″ are independently selected from at least one of elements of Group VIIB; the dopants include electron acceptors and electron donors; a is in the range of 1 to 9; b is in the range of 1 to 5; and x, x′, and x″ have a sum in the range of 1 to 9. The luminescent material exhibits photoluminescence having: (a) a quantum efficiency of at least 20 percent; (b) a spectral width no greater than 100 nm at Full Width at Half Maximum; and (c) a peak emission wavelength in the near infrared range.

This invention relates to a novel ion-pair delivery system useful for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and topical nutraceutical applications in which the functional performance and consumer aesthetics of an electron donor composition and an electron acceptor composition, or a proton donor composition and a proton acceptor composition, are synergistically enhanced when such compositions are combined in an ion-pair mode. During ion-pair bonding process, the electron donor composition or the proton acceptor composition become positively charged and the electron acceptor composition or proton donor composition become negatively charged and thus bind together in an ionic manner. Such ion-pair compositions release their electronically bound components in their original state when such compositions are absorbed into skin and reach physiological pH conditions.

A one-part spray foam formed by Michael addition chemistry is provided. The foamable composition includes at least one electron donor, at least one electron acceptor, an encapsulated catalyst, and one or more blowing agents. The catalyst is a weak or strong base. The encapsulation of the catalyst controls the polymerization of the Michael addition compounds such that the catalyst can be added and / or activated at a desired time to begin the foaming reaction. The catalyst may be encapsulated in a high molecular weight inert polymer or wax. In some embodiments, the chemical blowing agent(s) are also encapsulated. To produce a foam according to the invention, a single stream of the foamable composition is fed into an application gun where the slurry is heated and mixed. The heat and / or mixing in the gun releases the catalyst, which initiates the reaction between the Michael donor and Michael acceptor to form the foam.

The present invention provides electronically conducting polymer films formed from photosensitive formulations of pyrrole and an electron acceptor that have been selectively exposed to UV light, laser light, or electron beams. The formulations may include photoinitiators, flexibilizers, solvents and the like. These solutions can be used in applications including printed circuit boards and through-hole plating and enable direct metallization processes on non-conducting substrates. After forming the conductive polymer patterns, a printed wiring board can be formed by sensitizing the polymer with palladium and electrolytically depositing copper.

The invention belongs to the technical field of polluted ground water remediation, and particularly relates to a method and a system by using micro-namo bubbles to perform reinforcement in-situ remediation on polluted ground water. The method comprises the steps of: arranging a water injection well at the upper reaches of a region with ground water polluted by pollutants, and feeding micro-nano bubble water containing nutrient salts; leading the micro-nano bubble water to flow to the polluted region with the ground water, so as to decompose the pollutants or continuously compensate electron acceptors or electron donors for microorganisms and facilitate degradation and removal of organic pollutants; at the same time, arranging a water pumping well to pump water at lower reaches of the polluted region, so as to form a subsurface flow field; and using a monitoring well to monitor and analyze parameters in real time during the process of removing the organic pollutants, and adjusting the generating time and the aeration intensity of the micro-nano bubbles. According to the invention, the micro-nano bubbles are good in oxygen supply effect, long in lasting time and wide in influencing range, the method and the system provided by the invention can make up the shortages of common in-situ remediation technologies such as natural degradation, bioventing and the like and are low in cost and high in energy-saving efficiency, thereby being applicable in remediation for a field with a limit area and a high pollution load.

The invention provides a method to decrease emission of carbon dioxide from combustion of fossil fuels or other hydrocarbons and to enhance the efficiency of methane production from anaerobic biodigesters. The invention involves feeding carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas of hydrocarbon fuel combustion to an anaerobic biodigester where biomass is anaerobically fermented to produce methane. Carbon dioxide is an electron acceptor for anaerobic fermentation, and thus some of the carbon dioxide is reduced to methane, which can again be used for fuel. In this way, at least a portion of the exhaust gas CO2 is recycled to form fuel methane instead of being released into the atmosphere. Thus, the net CO2 emission from burning a given amount of fossil fuel is decreased. Adding carbon dioxide to an anaerobic fermentation also increases the efficiency and amount of methane production in the fermentation.

This invention relates to a novel ion-pair delivery system useful for gender and ethnic background selective hair care and nail care applications in which an electron donor composition and an electron acceptor composition, or a proton donor composition and a proton acceptor composition, or an anionic and a cationic composition, are combined synergistically. The bioavailability, deposition, functional performance, and consumer aesthetics of the compositions thus combined in such ion-pairs are enhanced synergistically. Hair care compositions, such as shampoo, conditioner, hair lotion, hair oil, hair gel, hair sheen, hair rinse, hair balm, hair wax, hair spray, and such, and nail care compositions, such as nail enamel, nail creams, nail serums, nail lacquers, nail spray, and nail polish, and such, can thus be obtained with synergistically enhanced performance.

The present invention relates to a device comprising at least one type of conjugated polymer and at least one type of particular tubular nanostructure. The invention relates mainly to a device comprising at least one type of conjugated polymer (functioning as an electron donor) and at least one type of tubular nanostructure (functioning as an electron acceptor), said tubular nanostructure comprising at least one complexed pigment on its surface. The device is proposed in particular for forming a photovoltaic cell.

The invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment, and relates to a biological degradation method of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound wastewater. An oxidation state compound is added in the nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound wastewater, an anaerobic environment is formed by micro aeration, and mixed electron acceptors of dissolved oxygen and the oxidation state compound simultaneously exist in the system; an upflow biological aerated filter is used as a main reaction device, an optimal degradation effect of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds is achieved according to different components and concentrations of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, the pH is controlled to 7.0-7.5, the concentration of the dissolved oxygen is controlled to 0.05-0.3 mg / L (water discharged from the upper part of the filter), and the range of the oxidation-reduction potential is controlled to 150-50 mv; under an anaerobic aeration condition, with the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds as electron donors and oxygen and oxygen-containing compounds as electron acceptors, under the combined effects of micro aerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobic bacteria, aerobic / anoxic denitrifying bacteria and the like, the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are completely degraded into carbon dioxide and water.

A method of crosslinking a protein or peptide for use as a biomaterial, the method comprising the step of irradiating a photoactivatable metal-ligand complex and an electron acceptor in the presence of the protein or peptide, thereby initiating a crosslinking reaction to form a 3-dimensional matrix of the biomaterial.

Power generation is performed by immobilizing an electron mediator having a standard electrode potential (E0′) at pH 7 in the range of −0.13 V to −0.28 V to one of a pair of electrodes to form an anode 1 and electrically connecting the other electrode as a cathode 3 to the anode 1 to form a closed circuit, bringing the anode 1 into contact with microorganisms capable of growing under anaerobic conditions and a solution or suspension 4 containing an organic substance to advance the oxidation reaction by microorganisms using the organic substance as an electron donor, separating the cathode 3 and the solution or suspension through an electrolyte membrane 2 to advance the reduction reaction using oxygen as an electron acceptor at the cathode, and accelerating the oxidation reaction in the biological system.

The invention relates to soluble electrodes, including soluble anodes, for use in electrochemical systems, such as electrochemical generators including primary and secondary batteries and fuel cells. Soluble electrodes of the invention are capable of effective replenishing and / or regeneration, and thereby enable an innovative class of electrochemical systems capable of efficient recharging and / or electrochemical cycling. In addition, soluble electrodes of the invention provide electrochemical generators combining high energy density and enhanced safety with respect to conventional lithium ion battery technology. In some embodiments, for example, the invention provides a soluble electrode comprising an electron donor metal and electron acceptor provided in a solvent so as to generate a solvated electron solution capable of participating in oxidation and reduction reactions useful for the storage and generation of electrical current.

The present invention is drawn to a composition or layered composite for absorbing and utilizing radiant energy in a solar cell. The composition can comprise a blend of a push-pull copolymer including at least one electron donor entity and at least one electron acceptor entity, and a fullerene composition. The layered composite can comprise a push-pull copolymer including at least one electron donor entity and at least one electron acceptor entity configured in a first layer, and a fullerene composition configured in a second layer. The first layer is typically in contact with the second layer.

Compositions and methods and apparatus for growth and maintenance of microorganisms and / or bioprocesses using one or more gases as electron donors, electron acceptors, carbon sources, or other nutrients, and for a bioprocess that converts hydrogen and carbon dioxide, or syngas, or producer gas into lipid products, bio-based oils, or other biochemical products.

The invention provides a fuel cell system and a method of generating electricity and reducing heavy metal through sewage treatment. The system comprises a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor comprises a negative chamber and a positive chamber, a negative electrode and a positive electrode are separately arranged in the negative chamber and the positive chamber, the two chambers are provided with microbial active material and are separated by a proton exchange membrane, the sewage is introduced to the positive chamber of which microbial active material is used to treat the sewage, the negative chamber contains heavy metal ion solution and reduces heavy metal ions, the inside of the positive chamber generates electrons and electrons, and the electrons migrate to the negative chamber through the proton exchange membrane so that current is generated between the two chambers in the reactor and the bioreactor can treat the sewage while generating electrical energy. In the system and method, the heavy metal ion solution is used as electron acceptor so that oxygen is not needed to be filled; and the whole system has simple structure, low cost and easy operation and heavy metal can be recycled from the negative solution.

An organic solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. This invention relates to a method of manufacturing an organic solar cell including forming nano patterns on a photoactive layer using a nanoimprinting process, and applying a cathode electrode material on the photoactive layer having the nano patterns so that the cathode electrode material infiltrates the nano patterns of the photoactive layer, thus increasing electron conductivity and efficiently forming a pathway for the transfer of electrons, and to an organic solar cell manufactured through the method. This method reduces loss of photocurrent occurring as a result of aggregation of an electron acceptor material and improves molecular orientation of an electron donor in the nanoimprinting process to thus increase cell efficiency. Thereby, the organic solar cell having high efficiency is manufactured at low cost through a simple manufacturing process. The method can be applied to the fabrication of organic solar cells which use an environmentally friendly and recyclable energy source.

The invention discloses an organic photoelectric device, which comprises a substrate, an anode layer, a cathode layer, and an organic functional layer arranged between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The organic functional layer comprises one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transmission layer, a luminous layer, an electron transmission layer, an electron injection layer, an anode buffer layer, an electron donor layer, an interface layer, an electron acceptor layer and an cathode buffer layer; the hole transmission layer and the electron donor layer are doped with magnetic multi-wall carbon nanotubes, or the electron transmission layer and the electro acceptor layer are doped with magnetic single-wall carbon nanotubes, or the hole transmission layer and the electron donor layer are doped with magnetic multi-wall carbon nanotubes and the electron transmission layer and the electron acceptor layer are doped with the magnetic single-wall carbon nanotubes simultaneously; and the length direction of the magnetic multi-wall carbon nanotubes and the magnetic single-wall carbon nanotubes is vertical to the surface of the anode layer. The device reduces the resistance of a carrier transmission layer, improves the carrier transmission capacity and the visible light transmissivity of the carrier transmission layer, and improves the photoelectric performance of the device.