The invention discloses a straw carbon matrix biological organic fertilizer and a preparing method. China is the largest fertilizer importing country and the largest nitrogenous fertilizer producing country in the world, and has 7% of arable land on earth, but usage amount of fertilizers and pesticides is 35% of global total amount, and yearly needed amount of fertilizers are 150,000,000 tons. The utilization ratio of fertilizers in China is only 35%-45%, the balance is fixed or leached by soil, causing environmental problems of water body pollution, lake eutrophication and the like. The straw carbon matrix biological organic fertilizer is prepared from, by weight, 60-70 parts of a compost raw material, 25-30 parts of straw carbon of a microbial agent with an adsorption function, 2-5 parts of zeolite powder, 2-5 parts of bentonite and 0.5-1 part of a binder. The straw carbon matrix biological organic fertilizer is applied to the field of bio-fertilizers and green planting.