119 results about "Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)" patented technology

An improved method for non-invasively measuring a concentration of a target analyte dissolved in a fluid flowing through a sample is presented. It includes directing a probe beam of electromagnetic radiation, consisting of time multiplexed components of different wavelengths, through the sample and measuring the difference of the absorption of the radiation at at least one wavelength pair at different sample states. During sample state changes, the amount of fluid containing the target analyte within the sample is changing, which varies the total amount of target analyte in the sample, as well as the absorption properties of the sample. The sample states are produced, for instance, by compressing and uncompressing the tissue sample. The accuracy of the presented method is enhanced by including continuous estimation of the amount of the fluid containing the target analyte within the sample, and measurement of the variations of the absorption at a wavelength at which the target analyte absorbs significantly. The method is particularly useful in measuring the concentration of a target analyte, such as glucose, in tissue containing blood. An apparatus for performing this method also is disclosed.

At least one exemplary embodiment is directed to an apparatus that includes a microfluidic channel and at least one energy absorbing element, where the energy absorbing element is configured to absorb at least a portion of an incident electromagnetic radiation. The absorption of the radiation by the energy absorbing element varies the temperature of a sample in the microfluidic channel.

A method for a layer-wise manufacturing of a three-dimensional object has a first step of providing a layer of a material in powder form or a liquid material on a support or a layer that has already been solidified at selected positions previously and a second step of directing a focussed photon or particle beam (8′) selectively at selected positions of the layer. In the second step, the photon or particle beam is selected such that it brings about a change of the absorption of the material when hitting the layer. After the termination of the second step, a third step is carried out, in which the layer is irradiated by means of electromagnetic radiation (18′) such that the material is homogenously solidified at those positions of the layer that correspond to the cross-section of the object to be formed.

Herein is described Nanostructure Enhanced X-ray Therapy (NEXT), which uses nanomaterials as radiosensitizers to enhance electromagnetic radiation absorption in specific cells or tissues. The nanomaterial radiosensitizers emit Auger electrons and generate radicals in response to electromagnetic radiation, which can cause localized damage to DNA or other cellular structures such as membranes. The nanomaterial radiosensitizers contain moieties for specific targeting to molecules or structures in a cell or tissue, and can be functionalized for increased stability and solubility. The nanomaterial radiosensitizers can also be used as detection agents to help in early diagnosis of disease. Together with known techniques such as Computed Tomography or Computerized Axial Tomography (CT or CAT scan), these nanomaterial radiosensitizers could allow early diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as cancer and HIV.

A method of enhancing detection for a specific object in a body. A nanoparticulate is administered to the body for location in an area to be explored for detection of the object, if present. The nanoparticulate is at least partially metallic, has a formed non-spherical shape having a minimal characteristic dimension in the range from about 1 to about 3000 nanometers, and has a formed composition capable of producing thermal pressure either in the nanoparticulate or in the object greater than the object could produce in the absence of the nanoparticulate. Electromagnetic radiation is directed into the body. The electromagnetic radiation has a specific wavelength or spectrum of wavelengths in the range from 300 nm to 300 mm selected so that the wavelength or wavelength spectrum is longer by a factor of at least 3 than the minimum characteristic dimension of the nanoparticulate. The nanoparticulate absorbs the electromagnetic radiation more than would one or more non-aggregated spherically shaped particles of the same total volume with a composition identical to the nanoparticulate. The nanoparticulate produces an enhanced optoacoustic signal resulting from the absorption that is received and converted into an electronic signal and presented for assessment of the at least one parameter by a human or a machine.

A molecularly imprinted polymeric explosives sensor is provided which possesses selective binding affinity for explosives, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB). The polymeric sensor incorporates a porphyrin which undergoes a detectable change in absorption and / or emission of electromagnetic radiation when the polymer is exposed to explosives.

A system for detecting ice or water within an area of interest having a detection system measuring radiance or reflectance of the area of interest when exposed to shortwave infrared radiation having a wavelength in the range containing a crossover point between the curves representing the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by ice and water. The detection system measures the radiance or reflectance in a first band having a wavelength in a spectral band on a first side of the crossover point and outputting a first band signal, and further measures the radiance or reflectance in a second band having a wavelength in a spectral band on a second opposing side of the same crossover point and outputting a second band signal. A processing unit determines a ratio of the first band signal and the second band signal and compares the ratio to a predetermined critical ratio and outputs a determination signal indicating presence of ice or water.

The present invention provides a secured document including a composition capable of anti-Stokes fluorescence containing an ion capable of absorption of electromagnetic radiation, an ion capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation, and a matrix composition comprising gadolinium, yttrium, lanthanum, and lutetium, wherein the wavelength of the emitted electromagnetic radiation is shorter than the wavelength of the absorbed electromagnetic radiation, and wherein the concentrations of the absorbing and emitting ions are adjusted to achieve concentration quenching of anti-Stokes luminescence.

The invention describes an apparatus for extracorporeal blood treatment with a dialyzer which is separated by a semipermeable membrane in to a first and second chamber (29, 30), wherein the first chamber (29) is arrange in a dialysate pathway and the second chamber (30) is connectable to the blood circulation of a patient by means of a blood supply conduit (32) and a blood return conduit (31), an inlet (20) for fresh dialysate, an outlet (30) for spent dialysate, a measuring device (37) arranged in the outlet (36), wherein said measuring device (37) has at least one radiation source consisting of several light sources (1) for electromagnetic radiation. The invention is characterized in that the measuring device (37) is designed to generate substantially monochromatic electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths, and to lead only one of these wavelength (at the same time) though the outlet (36) for spent dialysate, wherein at least one detector system (5) is provided for detection of the intensity or the absorption of the substantially monochromatic electromagnetic radiation passing through the outlet (36) for spent dialysate.

The present disclosure can provide exemplary apparatus, system, methods, and computer-accessible medium for generating a prediction model for at least one of an electromagnetic radiation absorption or a specific absorption rate (SAR). For example, according to certain exemplary embodiments, an exemplary method can include directing electromagnetic radiation at a subject using a plurality of transmit elements, obtaining electromagnetic radiation deposition information associated with a deposition of the at least one electromagnetic radiation within the subject using a sensing apparatus, and with a processor arrangement, generating the prediction model as a function of the electromagnetic radiation deposition information.

The current invention provides a method for improving the sensitivity of bolometric detection by providing improved electromagnetic power / energy absorption. In addition to its role in significantly improving the performance of conventional conducting-film bolometric detection elements, the method suggests application of plasmon resonance absorption for efficient thermal detection and imaging of far-field radiation using the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and the herein introduced Cavity Plasmone Resonance (CPR) phenomena. The latter offers detection characteristics, including good frequency sensitivity, intrinsic spatial (angular) selectivity without focusing lenses, wide tunability over both infrared and visible light domains, high responsivity and miniaturization capabilities. As compared to SPR, the CPR-type devices offer an increased flexibility over wide ranges of wavelengths, bandwidths, and device dimensions. Both CPR and SPR occur in metallic films, which are characterized by high thermal diffusivity essential for fast bolometric response.

Functional imaging for localization in biological tissue entails measuring a response in the tissue (240) to electromagnetic radiation. A catheter (200) for real-time monitoring of cardiac ablation is employed to distinguish a hemorrhage zone (232) from the sandwiching necrotic and healthy tissue, or to distinguish exogenous photoacoustic contrast agent from bordering native tissue. A pair of wavelengths is selected for differential absorption (244) of the radiation in, correspondingly, the hemorrhage zone or where the contrast agent exists, and relatively similar absorption elsewhere. Near infrared laser or LED light may be used photoacoustically to serially acquire (S310, S320) the two datasets to be compared, each representative of a time waveform. Alternatively, acquisition is for a pair of wavelength bands of microwave-induced thermoacoustic data. In either case, the members of the dataset pair are combined (110, 122) by subtraction or division to effect the piece-wise cancellation / enhancement for display (218) of the resulting signal in real time.

The present invention relates to a medical dressing that has a modular structure consisting of at least two layers and that is able to cleave incorporated photolabile nitric oxide donors in an adjoining absorption module by means of the emission of electromagnetic radiation from a light module, so that the photolytically generated nitric oxide can be used to enhance medical therapies in humans and animals as well as to generate NO.

A device and method for the contactless and therefore non-destructive measurement of a degree of dryness of a coat of paint applied to a substrate. The device comprises at least one transmitter for electromagnetic radiation, at least one receiver for determining the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation radiated into the coat of paint, and a measuring means. In the measuring means, the raw measured values measured by the receiver are processed and the degree of dryness, calculated therefrom, of the coat of paint is displayed. Either microwave radiation or infrared radiation in the near infrared range is used as measuring radiation, at least one time-dependent measurement of the absorption at a constant wavelength being made in both cases. In addition, the invention relates to a method for determining the degree of dryness of a coat of paint by means of the device.

The invention discloses a flexible material with nuclear radiation protection and electromagnetic shielding functions, and a preparation method and application thereof. The flexible material comprisesfour functional layers, namely an electromagnetic radiation absorption layer, a first ray radiation shielding layer, a neutron radiation shielding layer and a second ray radiation shielding layer insequence from outside to inside, wherein each functional layer comprises a polymer base material and a functional filler. According to the flexible composite gradient material, lead powder is not added; the defects that a traditional homogeneous blending material is limited in functional filler filling amount, easy to disperse unevenly, low in material comprehensive performance and the like are overcome; and meanwhile, the weak absorption region of elemental lead in an energy interval of 40-88 keV can be effectively compensated by adopting a compounding ratio of the functional filler, so the material has excellent X-ray, gamma-ray and neutron radiation shielding performance and electromagnetic radiation absorption performance.

The invention provides a preparation method of a chitosan modification barium ferrite filling multi-walled carbon nanotube / poly 3-methylthiophene composite wave-absorbing material. The method utilizes a carbon nanotube as a raw material, after the carbon nanotube is filled with barium ferrite, chitosan is coated on the carbon nanotube for modification, and then the carbon nanotube is composited with poly 3-methylthiophene to obtain the novel wave-absorbing material integrating magnetic loss, electrical loss and carbon nanotube wave absorption. Requirements for being thin, light, wide and strong of the wave-absorbing material are met. Therefore, the composite wave-absorbing material has wide application prospect in aspects of microwave absorption, electromagnetic radiation resistance and the like.

Provided herein are methods and systems to increase selective thermomechanical damage to a biological body, such as a cancer cell or cell associated with a pathophysiological condition. The biological body or cancer cell is specifically targeted with nanoparticulates comprising one or more targeting moieties which form nanoparticulate clusters thereon or therewithin. Pulsed electromagnetic radiation, e.g., optical radiation, having a wavelength spectrum selected for a peak wavelength near to or matching a peak absorption wavelength of the nanoparticulates selectively heats the nanoparticulates thereby generating vapor microbubbles around the clusters causing damage to the targets without affecting any surrounding medium or normal cells or tissues. Also provided are methods for treating leukemia and for selectively and thermomechanically causing damage to cells associated with a pathophysiological condition using the methods and system described herein.

A method and apparatus are provided for visually marking a recording medium by inducing a phase change in a light-sensitive surface by heat absorption from laser radiation. The method includes applying the laser radiation to a desired portion of the light-sensitive surface according to a first power profile for a first period sufficient to substantially obtain a color change at the desired portion, and applying the laser radiation to the desired portion of the light-sensitive surface according to a second power profile for a second period sufficient to complete the color change at the desired portion.

The invention discloses an external radiation-free electromagnetic oven. The external radiation-free electromagnetic oven is composed of a shell pedestal, a shell top cover, a shielding panel, a cooking pot body, a shell radiation absorbing layer, an electromagnetic transition work circuit and a power supply ground wire. The shell pedestal, the shell top cover and the shielding panel form a complete shell, the radiation absorbing layer is arranged in a corresponding position of the shell, and functional devices of the electromagnetic oven are installed in the shell; and the power supply ground wire is connected with the shell radiation absorbing layer and the shielding panel, the cooking pot body fully contacts with the shielding panel, the shielding panel and the shell radiation absorbing layer form a complete shield cover body, and when an electronic circuit at the inner side of the shell shield cover body, shielding absorption of the shield cover body is realized, and the ground wire in power lines is connected with the ground to carry out discharge elimination in order to eliminate the hazards of discharged electromagnetic radiation during the working of the electromagnetic oven. The external radiation-free electromagnetic oven can be used in fields of household electromagnetic ovens, chafing dish electromagnetic ovens, tea electromagnetic ovens, cabinet electromagnetic ovens and electromagnetic cookers, and industrial and commercial electromagnetic induction heating fields.

The present invention relates to photochromic materials that include certain indeno-fused naphthopyrans. The indeno-fused naphthopyrans have an amino group (e.g., a piperidino or morpholino group) bonded to the 6-position and an optional halo group (e.g., fluoro) bonded to the 11-position thereof. The photochromic materials of the present invention may have a closed-form electromagnetic radiation absorption spectrum that is shifted to longer wavelengths (e.g., wavelengths of greater than 390 nm), relative to comparable photochromic materials. The present invention also relates to optical elements, such as eyeglasses, that include the photochromic materials of the present invention.

A method and apparatus for producing a radio frequency absorbing (RFA) or perfect microwave absorbing (PMA) printed circuit board (PCB) is described herein. A metamaterial layer may be applied to a low dielectric substrate. Resistive and capacitive components may then be added to the metamaterial layer. The metamaterial layer may then be formed into an RFA or PMA PCB, which may comprise a multi-layered assembly for absorption of electromagnetic radiation in a targeted frequency range such as the microwave frequency range in the PCB.

The invention discloses a scale-free and radiation-free technology of an intelligent electromagnetic energy water heater. Heating is carried out in a high-frequency electromagnetic induction manner, and electricity is saved by 1 / 4 or near 1 / 3 compared with a common electric heating tube water heater. As heating coils are not in contact with water, the combustible-gas inflammable possibility, the combustible gas explosive possibility and the carbon monoxide poisoning possibility can be avoided, and therefore safety is quite high. After several years of long-term experimenting, the working frequency and the waveform of the water heater are changed, and scale is effectively eliminated; the water temperature can be controlled to the accurate temperature with the temperature error of + / -0.5 DEG C through the PID adjustment technology and the self-adaptive technology; multiple intelligent technologies such as various intelligent functions including WiFi, voices, a Bluetooth network, a wireless panel and the like are adopted; the water-cooling cooling technology of a water inlet tank is used, and therefore stable work of a high-power electronic device is guaranteed; and a shell is made of a flame-retardant and insulating material, the interior is made of an anti-radiation material, the resistance-capacitance absorption technology is adopted for the interior, and the electromagnetic radiation value is reduced to be zero. The electromagnetic-energy, radiation-free and scale-free technology is suitable for water heaters, induction cookers, water dispensers, winter heating and the like, and can be further applied to hospitals, touring, civil boilers and industrial boilers, and the market is quite large.

Nanocomposites in accordance with many embodiments of the invention can be capable of converting electromagnetic radiation to an electric signal, such as signals in the form of current or voltage. In some embodiments, metallic nanostructures are integrated with graphene material to form a metallo-graphene nanocomposite. Graphene is a material that has been explored for broadband and ultrafast photodetection applications because of its distinct optical and electronic characteristics. However, the low optical absorption and the short carrier lifetime of graphene can limit its use in many applications. Nanocomposites in accordance with various embodiments of the invention integrates metallic nanostructures, such as (but not limited to) plasmonic nanoantennas and metallic nanoparticles, with a graphene-based material to form metallo-graphene nanostructures that can offer high responsivity, ultrafast temporal responses, and broadband operation in a variety of optoelectronic applications.

The invention discloses a ceiling with architectural indoor electromagnetic wave radiation absorption function and a preparation method thereof. A wool plate substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock wool or mineral wool, 1-25 parts of wave absorbing agent, 5-30 parts of filler and 5-15 parts of amylan. The ceiling comprises the wool plate substrate with electromagnetic wave absorption function and a surface decoration layer. On the premise of performing the decoration function, the ceiling can effectively absorb architectural indoor electromagnetic waves, reduces secondary electromagnetic radiation pollution caused by reflection and refraction, has the advantages of wide absorption band (100 MHz-18 GHz), favorable wave-absorbing effect (the average reflectivity is lower than -5dB, and the minimum reflectivity is lower than -10dB), high workability, low cost and the like, can effectively improve the indoor electromagnetic radiation pollution and keep the indoor environment comfortable, and has wide application prospects.

The invention discloses an electromagnetic radiation shielding fiber. The base material of the fiber contains electromagnetic radiation absorption nano-powder, wherein the electromagnetic radiation absorption nano-powder comprises 40-50 parts by weight of nanometer iron oxide, 20-30 parts by weight of nanometer silica and 5-8 parts by weight of nanometer iron powder; and the weight ratio of the fiber base material to the electromagnetic radiation absorption nano-powder is 100:3-15. The electromagnetic radiation shielding fiber is synthesized through a master batch process in the invention, so the electromagnetic radiation shielding fiber has the advantages of substantial radiation shielding effect, simple processing route, easy operation, low cost, easy industrialized production, firm combination with fiber tissues, strong durability, and non-toxicity and safety.

The invention provides an electromagnetic metamaterial capable of being used in the fields of radio energy transmission systems and electromagnetic protection, having magnetic conductivity close to zero, absorbing a low-frequency magnetic field and transparent to high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic metamaterial includes a substrate material, at least one of upper and lower surfaces of the substrate material is provided with a fractal structure layer, the fractal structure layer includes an annular metal wire arranged on the surface of the substrate material and a metal wire of a fractal structure; and the metal wire of the fractal structure is located inside the annular metal wire and is surrounded by the annular metal wire. In application of the electromagnetic metamaterial, electromagnetic radiation absorption of a low-frequency magnetic field and various harmonic waves can be realized, harm of the low-frequency magnetic field and various harmonic waves to surrounding equipment or personnel can be reduced, and at the same time, and since the electromagnetic metamaterial has the characteristics of a high-frequency transparent bidirectional electromagnetic material, the electromagnetic metamaterial can be used in the fields of radio energy transmission systems and electromagnetic protection.

A thermal pixel configured as an electromagnetic emitter and / or an electromagnetic detector operating within a limited bandwidth. The thermal pixel comprises a micro-platform thermally isolated from a surrounding off-platform region by phononic nanowires. In embodiments, the micro-platform is comprised of metamaterial and / or photonic crystal filters providing operation over a limited bandwidth. In other embodiments, the micro-platform is comprised of nanotube structure providing a broadband emission / absorption spectral response. Structural configurations for the pixel take advantage of the Kirchhoff law of thermal radiation which states that a good thermal emitter is also a good absorber. In a preferred embodiment the pixel is fabricated using a silicon SOI starting wafer.

A semiconductor structure, and method for manufacturing, of avalanche photodiode type for receiving electromagnetic radiation in a given wavelength range and including a first semiconductor area configured for absorption of the electromagnetic radiation, a second area configured for providing a multiplication of carriers, and a third semiconductor area in contact with the second semiconductor area. The second area includes at least two subparts with the second subpart configured to have a mean carrier multiplication rate that is more substantial than that of the first subpart.

A double or multi- layer apparatus or device for optical anti-Stokes cooling of object surfaces. The apparatus comprises at least one bottom layer, which is configured to respond in anti-Stokes fluorescence upon absorption of electromagnetic radiation and at least one top layer, which is overlaid on the bottom layer and configured to filter the electromagnetic radiation and transmit selected spectral band of the electromagnetic radiation to the bottom layer. The active cooling does not depend on the coherent nature of the radiation, which enables the usage of incoherent solar radiation as theactive cooling input power source. The cooling technology of the invention is suitable for small and large scales and practically for any object with surface on which the layer substance can be applied or overlaid, e.g., roof, wall, car, ship, tent, clothing, etc.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an absorption type flexible transparent electromagnetic shielding film and a product, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding.The preparation method comprises the following steps of sequentially coating and preparing the flexible transparent polymer film layer I, the ferromagnetic nanowire network structure layer and a flexible transparent polymer film layer II on a cleaned substrate, and applying a magnetic field to enable the ferromagnetic nanowires to be distributed to form an ordered network structure when the ferromagnetic nanowire network structure layer is coated and prepared. The shielding film prepared by the method is high in shielding effectiveness, high in light transmittance, good in flexibility and excellent in electromagnetic wave absorbing capacity, the secondary electromagnetic radiation pollution caused by the shielding mainly based on a reflection mechanism can be effectively avoided, the shielding film has good engineering application potential, and the preparation method is simple, is low in raw material cost, and is easy to operate and industrialize.