124results about How to "Reduce voltage loss" patented technology

A light-emitting element disclosed includes a first electrode layer; a second electrode layer which transmits light; and a light-emitting layer interposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a first conductive layer which is able to reflect light, a second conductive layer provided over the first conductive layer and including titanium, and a third conductive layer which transmits light and contains a metal oxide having work function higher than that of a material of the first conductive layer.

The invention discloses a mains complementation controller for a solar street lamp. The controller comprises a solar cell panel, a charging module, a microprocessor, a constant-current output module, a switching power supply, a voltage detection module and a battery. The invention also discloses a control method of the controller. The controller is skillful and reasonable in structural design, when the electric quantity stored in the battery by the solar energy is insufficient, the controller is switched to a mains supply automatically in a seamless mode, the effect that the solar energy is used preferentially and the mains supply serves as a supplement can be effectively achieved, and charging and discharging can be controlled automatically according to different working parameters and states, so that the charging and the discharging are kept at the optimal states, the utilization efficiency of the solar energy is improved, the energy resources are effectively saved, the whole process is automatic, and the intelligent degree is high. The control method is simple in step, easy to implement, capable of supplying electricity by the battery and achieving seamless switching to the mains supply, effectively guaranteeing the sufficient utilization of solar energy resources, greatly prolonging the service life of the battery and reducing the maintenance cost and beneficial to popularization and application.

The invention relates to a wide-area reactive optimal running method for a power distribution network and belongs to the technical field of reactive compensation of the power distribution network of a power system. The method comprises the following steps: utilizing a computer and a program to input the basic data of the power distribution network and each reactive compensation device of the power distribution network; calculating a compensation scope and a prior level of each reactive compensation device; calculating a switching capacity of each reactive compensation device according to the compensation scope of each reactive compensation device and real-time measuring information of a root node and each compensation node of the power distribution network; and controlling each capacitor to switch. According to the method provided by the invention, the voltage reactive running condition of the whole power distribution network is fully considered; the use ratio of the compensation device is greatly increased; the power loss and voltage loss of the power distribution network are reduced; the voltage quality of the power distribution network is increased; the running of the electric equipment under a rated condition is ensured; and the social and economic benefits are obvious. The wide-area reactive optimal running method is widely applied to the voltage reactive optimal running and control of the power distribution network of the power system.

The invention discloses a connecting structure of an aluminum electrolytic prebaked anode guide bar and a steel jaw and a preparation method thereof. The connecting structure of the aluminum electrolytic prebaked anode guide bar and the steel jaw ensures that the guide bar and the steel jaw are connected into a whole by pouring a steel jaw hollow hopper with aluminum liquid or aluminum-copper alloy liquid with the temperature of 750-800DEG C at the temperature of 500-600DEG C. A connecting method of the aluminum electrolytic prebaked anode guide bar and the steel jaw has strong reliability and reduces the voltage loss of an anode steel jaw by about 10-20mv by fully utilizing good conductive performance of aluminum; and an aluminum-steel interface alloy layer has stable bonding, high strength and little deformation, thereby greatly reducing the desoldering rate of aluminum-aluminum soldering points and burst soldering points of the aluminum guide bar, effectively prolonging the service life of the anode guide bar and reducing the maintenance fees and the using cost.

The invention discloses an anaerobic baffle plate type microbial fuel cell stack. The anaerobic baffle plate type microbial fuel cell stack comprises a tank body, at least one overflow plate, at least two baffle plates, an anode and a cathode; the left and right side walls of the tank body are provided with a water inlet and a water outlet respectively; the overflow plate divides the tank body into at least two communicated compartments; the height of the overflow plate is gradually reduced from the water inlet to the water outlet; each compartment is provided with one of the baffle plates for dividing the compartments into two communicated areas, and the area between the baffle plate and the overflow plate or the side wall of the tank body provided with the water outlet is an upstream area; the anode is arranged in the upstream area, and the anode is led out of the tank body through a lead; and the front side wall or the rear side wall of the tank body corresponding to the upstream area is provided with the cathode. The anaerobic baffle plate type microbial fuel cell stack can be used for treating high-concentration reflux sewage of a municipal sewage treatment plant and high-concentration industrial wastewater.

The invention relates to an equipment and a method used for carrying out electrochemical disinfection to water by making use of an electrolytic cell which comprises an anode and a cathode under the condition without adding chemicals, wherein the electrolytic cell is contained in a shell, the shell is provided with a water inlet and outlet device, and current is added on the anode and the cathode. The equipment adopts in a combining way: a). direct effect to dissolved organic substances relevant to oxidation at the anode part and reduction at the cathode part: functions of killing viruses and bacteria and inhibiting the bacteria; b). indirect effect relevant to functions of oxidant generated by electrolysis of water: supplemental sterilization effect and residual effect of inhibiting the bacteria. The equipment comprises possible applications of benefiting to eliminating regiment bacteria in the equipment, purifying water supplied to humans and being used as disinfection means (particularly in the medical field).

The invention provides an elevator safety system and a safety control method. The elevator safety system comprises an elevator controller, a driving controller, a brake, multiple first safety switchesarranged on a car, multiple second safety switches arranged on a machine room, a car ceiling electronic safety plate, a machine room electronic safety plate and a safety loop; the car ceiling electronic safety plate is mounted on a car ceiling of the car; the machine room electronic safety plate is mounted on the machine room; and the safety loop is formed by serially connecting a power supply, the driving controller and the brake. The car ceiling electronic safety plate is used for receiving state signals of the first safety switch and outputting the state signals to the machine room electronic safety plate. The machine room electronic safety plate is used for receiving state signals of the second safety switch and cutting off the safety loop when the first safety switch or the second safety switch is abnormal. The elevator safety system can perform the separation independent detection on the safety switches arranged on the machine room and the car to facilitate reduction of reciprocating bridging of cables and accurate positioning of the failure positions.

The invention relates to a shielding material and its producing method. Its feature is that polyester staple fiber is dipped into semi-conduction adhesive after carding superposing to form net. The semi-conduction adhesive includes 30-50wt% acrylic acid solution, 5-15wt% acetylene black, and 60-80wt% water. The producing method includes the following steps: coiling polyester staple fiber; dipping into mixed semi-conduction adhesive after carding superposing to form net; input by glue roller pressing and drying. It has the advantages of simple technology, low cost, light weight, and good performance index. The common substance of the invention is 25g / m2-120g / m2; surface resistance is not bigger than 5000ohm; volume resistance is not bigger than 1*160ohm.cm; longitudinal direction tensile strength is not less than 30N / 15mm; longitudinal fracture piece length ratio is not less than 12%. The invention can be mainly used in high pressure and extra-high-tension cable, electromagnetic shielding and lapping belt to conduct electricity, reduce line voltage loss, produce semi-conduction resistance water hose with low common substance.

The invention relates to a double salient electro-magnetic motor for magnetism increasing electricity generation, which is a special electric generator. The negative terminals of all the phases of windings of the generator are connected together, and are led out through a wire; the negative terminals are used as the cathode of the generating system of the double salient electro-magnetic motor. Each phase of the windings is separately connected with the anodes of diodes; the cathodes of the diodes are connected to a point and are led out through a wire; the cathodes of the diodes are used as the anodes of the double salient electro-magnetic motor for magnetism increasing electricity generation. The anode and the cathode of the double salient electro-magnetic motor for magnetism increasing electricity generation are separately connected with the anode and the cathode of a load to supply power for the load. The invention is characterized in that the voltage regulation rate and the excitation loss are reduced by utilizing the magnetism increasing armature reaction of the load, and the invention applies the basic electromagnetic property of the double salient electro-magnetic motor, thereby improving the performance of the double salient electro-magnetic motor for magnetism increasing electricity generation.

The invention relates to a quasi-square-wave pulse generator, specifically to a high-voltage long-pulse-width quasi-square-wave pulse generator, and belongs to the technical field of pulse power. The pulse generator consists of three parts, including a pulse formation module, a pulse voltage boosting module and a load, wherein the input end of the pulse formation module is connected with the output end of a primary energy storage system while the output end of the pulse formation module is connected with the input end of the pulse voltage boosting module; and the output end of the pulse voltage boosting module is connected with the load. The invention, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of an over large number of network nodes required by the pulse formation module, short service life, relatively poor output waveform flat stability, severe waveform distortion of the pulse voltage boosting module, low pulse voltage boosting ratio and the like by solving technical problems, provides the high-voltage long-pulse-width quasi-square-wave pulse generator; and the high-voltage long-pulse-width quasi-square-wave pulse generator has the advantages of relatively low cost, less network nodes, maintenance-free property, high pulse voltage boosting ratio, distortionless pulse waveform and the like, so that high-voltage long-pulse-width quasi-square-wave pulse output with high flat stability is realized.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a 3D polypyrrole chitosan gelatin composite electric conduction material. According to the preparation method, chitosan and pyrrole are used as raw materials, under the existence of a single electron reducing agent, namely, ferric trichloride, a polypyrrole- chitosan polymer is generated through reaction; then under the existence of a cross-linkingagent, namely, glutaraldehyde, the polypyrrole-chitosan polymer is cross-linked in pores of a gelatin sponge sheet, and thus the 3D polypyrrole chitosan gelatin composite electric conduction materialwith the porous structure is formed. The 3D polypyrrole chitosan gelatin composite electric conduction material prepared by adopting the method disclosed by the invention has relatively good mechanical strength, good biocompatibility, relatively high electric conduction property, relatively low impedance, and small voltage loss, and can accelerate transmission of Ca<2+> among myocardial cells. Anin-vitro evaluation experiment proves that the 3D polypyrrole chitosan gelatin composite electric conduction material has feasibility and effectiveness when used as a repair material in the heart of the rat to replace a whole-layer right ventricle outflow channel defect.

The present invention discloses a fuel cell, which incorporates a bipolar plate. The regenerative bipolar fuel cell of the present invention contains at least one hydrogen electrode in contact with a hydrogen stream and at least one oxygen electrode in contact with an oxygen stream. At least one electrolyte chamber is in contact with the hydrogen electrode and at least one electrolyte chamber is in contact with the oxygen electrode. The electrolyte chambers provide mechanical support within the fuel cell and provide an uninterrupted pathway for an electrolyte solution to contact the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode, respectively. At least one bipolar plate is positioned between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode. The bipolar plate has a hydrogen side in contact with the hydrogen electrode and an oxygen side in contact with the oxygen electrode. The bipolar plate eliminates the need for electrode support frames within a fuel cell and provides an entire electrode in one epoxy frame that ensures the integrity of the different pieces while maintaining the different fluids to be available at the points of their respective reactions. In addition, the bipolar plate acts as a manifold for gas distribution and a gasket for sealing.

The invention discloses a low-frequency traction power supply system which is composed of traction substations and traction networks. Each traction substation comprises a traction transformer and a transducer, a primary-side three phase of each traction transformer is connected with a public utility grid, a secondary-side three phase of each traction transformer is connected with the corresponding transducer, traction sides output by the transducers is single-phase, and the traction networks are powered through single-phase traction buss. The power supply frequency f of the traction networks meets the following formula: fault removal time limit TS (ms) of the traction network=relay protection action time TR (ms)+half cycle lambda (ms), namely, f=500 / (TS-TR), TS)TR and within 5Hz-16Hz, the traction networks of the traction substations can be connected to implement communicated power supply, and during interruption maintenance or traction-side fault of the traction substation, the transducers are switched off and related breakers are switched on. The low-frequency traction power supply system is widely suitable for power supply of metros with one line at one place, light-rail vehicles, tramcars and trolleybuses with two electric traction lines, and convenient to implement.

The invention discloses a bilateral power supply system for an electrified railway. The bilateral power supply system consists of adjacent traction power substations, traction nets and a section post, wherein the traction nets and the section post are arranged between the adjacent power substations; the secondary sides of traction transformers of the traction power substations are connected in series with reactors respectively; a circuit breaker in the section post is used for communicating the traction nets on both sides of the circuit breaker to construct bilateral power supply; the sum of the reactance values of the reactors in two adjacent traction power substations is equal to a minimum value required by current balancing of a power system; the ratio of the reactance values of the reactors in adjacent traction power substations to the sum of leakage impedance values of corresponding traction transformers is inversely proportional to the ratio of rated capacities of the traction transformers of the adjacent traction power substations; the traction transformers and the reactors which are connected in series with the transformers can be combined into a more compact high-leakage-reactance traction transformer in order to reduce land occupation of the traction power substations; a neutral section where the section post between adjacent traction power substations is positioned can be eliminated without influencing normal running of the power system, and the technology is advanced and is easy to implement.

The invention discloses a double-period conversion circuit for energy acquisition. The double-period conversion circuit comprises two stages, wherein the first stage is a negative pressure converter, the second stage is an active diode, the negative pressure converter is used for converting negative amplitude of an AC signal of a sensor to positive amplitude, a P-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) adopts a substrate bias design and is used for reducing the conduction resistance, and the active diode adopts a common-gate comparator structure and is used for reducing a power supply voltage of a system on the basis of ensuring the gain and bandwidth. The double-period conversion circuit aims to reduce the number of comparators, reduce the working voltage and the power consumption of the overall circuit and improve the voltage conversion efficiency and the energy conversion efficiency, and the requirements of a micro energy acquisition system for low voltage and low power consumption are met. By reducing the working voltages of the comparators, the overall working voltage is reduced, so that the circuit is applicable to the energy acquisition system; by the adoption of the two-stage rectification structure, the number of the comparators is reduced, the overall power consumption is reduced, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved; and the energy loss in open-circuit time is reduced through double-period control.

A light-emitting element disclosed includes a first electrode layer; a second electrode layer which transmits light; and a light-emitting layer interposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a first conductive layer which is able to reflect light, a second conductive layer provided over the first conductive layer and including titanium, and a third conductive layer which transmits light and contains a metal oxide having work function higher than that of a material of the first conductive layer.

The invention discloses a flash lamp driving circuit. The flash lamp driving circuit comprises a first MOS transistor, a second MOS transistor, an inductor, a capacitor, a constant current source and a PWM controller, wherein the gate of the first MOS transistor is connected with the PWM controller, the drain of the first MOS transistor is connected to an input voltage, and the source of the first MOS transistor is connected with one end of the inductor; the other end of the inductor is grounded through the capacitor; the constant current source is connected between the other end of the inductor and the positive electrode of the flash lamp; the negative electrode of the flash lamp is grounded; the gate of the second MOS transistor is connected with the PWM controller, the drain of the second MOS transistor is connected with one end of the inductor, and the source of the second MOS transistor is grounded; and the PWM controller is used for controlling the on and off of the first MOS transistor and the second MOS transistor to further control a flash mode of the flash lamp circuit. By adoption of the mode, the constant current source is added to control the current of the flash lamp, so that voltage loss can be reduced while the driving efficiency of the flash lamp can be improved.

It is an object of the invention to provide a power controller in the conventional circuit configuration capable of realizing significant reduction of a voltage in a standby state. The power controller comprises a power transformer which is connected to a commercial power via a switching power control circuit, and has first to third output windings at a secondary winding, wherein a reference voltage to be inputted to an error amplifier is an output voltage outputted from the first output winding in a normal mode while it is switched to an output voltage outputted from the third output winding in a standby mode. A significant reduction of a voltage can be realized in a standby mode by switching the reference voltage to the output voltage outputted from the third output winding which is higher than the output voltage outputted from the first output winding.

The invention relates to a backlash converter comprising a voltage input terminal, a first transformer, a switching tube, a load and an auxiliary circuit, wherein the first transformer comprises a first primary winding and a first secondary winding, and the first secondary winding is used for supplying voltage to the load; the auxiliary circuit comprises a first diode, a second diode, a capacitor and a second transformer; the second transformer comprises a second primary winding and a second secondary winding; the voltage input terminal is connected in series with a drain electrode of the switching tube through the second primary winding and the first primary winding; a source electrode of the switching tube is grounded, and a grid electrode of the switching tube is used for receiving a pulse; a positive electrode of the first diode is grounded through the capacitor, and a negative electrode of the first diode is connected with the homonymic terminal of the first primary winding after being connected in series with the second secondary winding; a negative electrode of the second diode is grounded through the capacitor, and a positive electrode of the second diode is electrically connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube.

The invention discloses an imbalance and reactive compensation type comprehensive control system and a method thereof. The system comprises a comprehensive controller and a plurality of interphase compensation devices. The specific method comprises the following steps: detecting voltage and current of a distribution transform outlet, and calculating active power, reactive power, a power factor, a voltage qualification rate and a three-phase imbalance degree Epsilon; judging whether the voltage of a phase exceeds a voltage upper limit and is lower than a voltage lower limit; if the voltage of the phase exceeds the voltage upper limit, issuing a command for eliminating the compensation devices between the phase and zero; if the voltage of the phase exceeds the voltage lower limit, issuing a command for putting the compensation devices between a phase line and a zero line into operation; if the voltage of the phase falls within the range from the voltage lower limit to the voltage upper limit, judging whether the three-phase imbalance degree Epsilon is qualified; and if Epsilon is larger than Epsilon0, issuing a command for operating the compensation devices between the phase line and the zero line according to an imbalance compensation algorithm, and otherwise, issuing a command for operating the compensation devices between the phase and zero and the compensation devices between the phase and another phase. According to the imbalance and reactive compensation type comprehensive control system and the method thereof, the power factor of a power system, and the voltage qualification rate and the power supplying reliability of a rural power grid can be improved.

The invention belongs to the field of electro-adsorption materials and specifically discloses a preparation method of a nitrogen-and-phosphorus-atom co-doped CDI active material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing an aromatic diamine monomer represented by a structural formula 1, a monomer represented by a structural formula 2 and an oxidant, carrying out standing, and then carrying out a static cross-linking copolymerization reaction to obtain a cross-linked copolymer; and carrying out carbonization treatment to obtain the nitrogen-and-phosphorus-atom co-doped CDI active material. The invention also discloses the material prepared by using the preparation method and application of the material in electro-adsorption desalination. The material prepared by the method is used as a capacitance desalination electrode material to desalinate seawater and treat salt-containing wastewater; and the method has the characteristics of simple process flow, convenience in operation, no secondary pollution and the like.

The invention discloses a color film substrate and a display device. The color film substrate comprises a substrate base plate, a black matrix and a common electrode, wherein the common electrode is arranged on one side, away from the substrate base plate, of the black matrix which is formed on the substrate base plate. At least one first metal wire is arranged in a shading area, corresponding to the black matrix, in a display area of the color film substrate and is connected with a common voltage input end, and a plurality of points on each first metal wire are electrically connected with the common electrode. After the color film substrate and an array substrate are connected through a golden ball doped frame seal adhesive, a common electrode wire of the array substrate can be communicated with the first metal wires on the color film substrate by golden balls, voltages in different areas of the common electrode of the color film substrate can be transmitted and inputted by the at least one first metal wires, and accordingly voltage uniformity of the common electrode of the color film substrate is guaranteed, and defects of flickering, crosstalk, nonuniformity and the like of frames displayed by a display panel are overcome.

A correlated double sampling unit in an image sensor includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a capacitor switch. The first capacitor is coupled between a first node and an input node of a tripping unit. The second capacitor is coupled between the first node and a second node having a ramp signal switched thereon. The capacitor switch is coupled between the second node and the input node of the tripping unit for coupling the first and second capacitors in parallel as a final pixel signal is developed at the input node of the tripping unit for minimizing signal loss from a parasitic capacitance at the input node of the tripping unit.

The invention discloses an input power supply type vibration energy obtaining interface circuit. A drain electrode of a PMOS switching tube is connected with the output end of a rectifying circuit. A source electrode of the PMOS switching tube is connected with an energy storage element and a load. A drain electrode of a PMOS diode is connected with a grid electrode of the PMOS diode and the energy storage element. A source electrode of the PMOS diode is connected with the output end of the rectifying circuit. The first input end of a comparator is connected with the drain electrode of the PMOS switching tube, the second input end of the comparator is connected with the source electrode of the PMOS switching tube, and the output end of the comparator is connected with a grid electrode of the PMOS switching tube. Due to the fact that the drain electrode and the grid electrode of the PMOS diode are connected, the PMOS diode is only switched on for a moment when second input signals pass through the PMOS diode, the energy storage element accumulates the second input signals at the moment, and a weak voltage difference is formed at the two ends of the PMOS switching tube; after the comparator detects the voltage difference, the PMOS switching tube is switched on, voltage conversion is carried out on the second input signals through the PMOS switching tube, and the second input signals reach the load. According to the input power supply type vibration energy obtaining interface circuit, voltage losses of the PMOS switching tube are reduced, and therefore the efficiency of voltage conversion carried out on the second input signals through the PMOS switching tube is improved.

The invention relates to an improved wire cut electrical discharge machine tool which comprises a machine tool body and a control cabinet. The machine tool body at least comprises a tool body, a wire electrode conveying mechanism, a wire support, a work table, a working solution system, a power supply system, a machine tool electric appliance and a numerical control system. The power supply system comprises a high-frequency pulse power generating device. The wire support comprises a column, an upper arm and a lower arm. An upper main guide wheel and an upper electric conduction block are arranged on one side of a machining area of the upper arm, a lower main guiding wheel and a lower electric conduction block are arranged on one side of a machining area of the lower arm. The high-frequency pulse power generating device is arranged in a power supply cabinet, the power supply cabinet is arranged on one side of the column, a positive pole of generated high-frequency pulse power is connected with the work table of the machine tool body through a lead, and a negative pole of the generated high-frequency pulse power is connected with the upper electric conduction block on one side of the upper main guide wheel and the lower electric conduction block on one side of the lower main guide wheel of a machining area of the machine tool through an upper lead and a lower lead respectively. The distance between the high-frequency pulse power and the upper electric conduction block and the distance between the high-frequency pulse power and the lower electric conduction block are greatly shortened and can be approximately shortened by half, voltage loss in a conveying process is small, and machining efficiency of the machine tool is remarkably improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of an integrated circuit, and discloses a positive high-voltage charge pump. The charge pump comprises a charge pump circuit which is connected in multi-level series and a one-level output circuit; and the input end of the output circuit is connected with the output end of the last level charge pump circuit. According to the charge pump provided by the invention, an auxiliary circuit is added to reduce the PMOS (P-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor) grid voltage in the charge pump circuit and increase the voltage difference of the grid electrode and the source electrode, thus, the PMOS grid voltage can be zero when the switch is switched on, and the voltage loss can be reduced during switching on and the PMOS conductive performance can be improved, thereby enhancing the capability of switch pumping charge.

A jumper for insuring electrical or fluid communication between the liner and the casing of an oil field downhole. The jumper has a first tubing adapted to be inserted in the liner, a second tubing adapted to be inserted in the casing and an anchor adapted to be rigidly mounted in the casing. The first and second tubings are composed of an electrically conductive material and are supported by the anchor with an insulated joint. Each of the first and second tubings has a plurality of centering devices, each consisting of a pair of rings surrounding the tubing and an array of bowed springs bridging between the rings and biased to bow outwardly from the tubing into engagement with the inner circumference liner or the casing, as the case may be. One of the two rings is electrically connected to the tubing, for example by welding, whereas the other ring is free to be displaced longitudinally of the tubing so that the outer diameter of the array of bowed springs may expand or contract, as needed. Each bowed spring in the array is provided with a series of electrical contacts which insure electrical conductivity between the welded ring and the surrounding liner or casing through the bowed spring.

The invention relates to a system and method for producing pure hydrogen and oxygen by adopting electrolysis brine. The system comprises a water storage device, a water inlet valve, a water inlet pump, an electrolytic cell, the anode, the cathode, a pulsed power supply, a first valve, a first vacuum pump, a second valve, a second vacuum pump, a hydrogen collecting device and an oxygen collecting device. The method is characterized in that an operation mode of supplying power by adopting the pulsed power supply is adopted; when the pulsed power supply is turned on, only oxygen is generated and hydrogen ions accumulate at the liquid phase; after the pulsed power supply is turned off, only hydrogen is generated; the two gases: namely hydrogen and oxygen are collected and enter the gas collecting devices separately through the control of the valves and the vacuum pumps; and the turn on / off operation is carried out continuously, so that a lot of pure hydrogen and oxygen are prepared. Compared with the conventional water-electrolytic hydrogen making equipment and process, the system and method for producing pure hydrogen and oxygen by adopting electrolysis brine has the advantages as follows: the pulsed power supply method is adopted, the two gases: namely hydrogen and oxygen are separated and purified on the premise of not needing gas separation equipment, the loss of voltage of the conventional equipment due to membrane pollution and polarization is effectively reduced, and both the hydrogen production power consumption and equipment cost are greatly reduced.

In a conventional semiconductor integrated circuit device, a means for preventing a backflow current has a high on-state resistance, which makes it impossible to reduce the voltage loss in normal operation. A semiconductor integrated circuit device of the invention has a first MOS transistor, a second MOS transistor provided between the first MOS transistor and a power supply terminal, and a means that, in normal operation, keeps the gate of the second MOS transistor at a predetermined potential (preferably the ground potential) and that, when a backflow current is likely, turns the second MOS transistor off. This helps prevent a backflow current while reducing the voltage loss in normal operation.